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Recognizing the superior seamanship of the English fleet and the impossibility of combining with the forces of the Duke of Parma, the Spaniards headed home. They charted a course around the Shetland Islands, north of Scotland, then southwest to Ireland, where they hoped to find supplies, and finally to Spain.
Recognizing the superior seamanship of the English fleet and the impossibility of combining with the forces of the Duke of Parma, the Spaniards headed home. They charted a course around the Shetland Islands, north of Scotland, then southwest to Ireland, where they hoped to find supplies, and finally to Spain.
26 of these ships and their crews were lost on the coast of Ireland and Scotland. Heavy storms and poor seamanship was at fault—the Spanish pilots were unable to to calculate longitude, gauge the effects of the unfamiliar tides; together with bad maps the Armada ships sailed much closer to the coast than intended.
26 of these ships and their crews were lost on the coast of Ireland and Scotland. Heavy storms and poor seamanship was at fault—the Spanish pilots were unable to calculate longitude, gauge the effects of the unfamiliar tides; together with bad maps the Armada ships sailed much closer to the coast than intended.
The insufficient supply of provisions was due to mismanagement, corruption, the English capture of supply ships, and spoilage. Reduced rations weakened the crews, resupply in Calais and Flanders was impossible, and disease exacerbated by hunger increased the number of deaths. Ravaged by storm and shipwreck, the Armada returned to the safety of the Spanish port of Santander, on the Bay of Biscay, with only 86 ships and less than half the men who had left five months before.
The insufficient supply of provisions was due to mismanagement, corruption, the English capture of supply ships, and spoilage. Reduced rations weakened the crews, resupply in Calais and Flanders was impossible, and disease exacerbated by hunger increased the number of deaths. Ravaged by storm and shipwreck, the Armada returned to the safety of the Spanish port of Santander, on the Bay of Biscay, with only 86 ships and less than half the men who had left five months before.