Changes

The aristocratic archbishop of Valencia Juan de Ribera (1532-1611) was frustrated in his initial attempts to institute the Counter Reformation in his diocese. He established a Tridentine seminary, the Colegio de Corpus Christi (1583-1604), to reform the clergy, promote popular piety, and serve also as his personal chapel, reliquary, museum, and mausoleum. Since the municipal government had resisted his call for them to loosen their control over the university, Ribera's seminary became a center for urban reform in Valencia. The bishop co-opted popular devotion (for example, to Dominican missionary Luis Bertrán) to serve his agenda. New saints whose devotions he could shape provided a tool for implementing his vision of the Church. He used sacred objects such as the holy relics in his treasury to gain cooperation aristocrats when he donate the relics to their favored churches.   

The aristocratic archbishop of Valencia Juan de Ribera (1532-1611) was frustrated in his initial attempts to institute the Counter Reformation in his diocese. He established a Tridentine seminary, the Colegio de Corpus Christi (1583-1604), to reform the clergy, promote popular piety, and serve also as his personal chapel, reliquary, museum, and mausoleum. Since the municipal government had resisted his call for them to loosen their control over the university, Ribera's seminary became a center for urban reform in Valencia. The bishop co-opted popular devotion (for example, to Dominican missionary Luis Bertrán) to serve his agenda. New saints whose devotions he could shape provided a tool for implementing his vision of the Church. He used sacred objects such as the holy relics in his treasury to gain cooperation aristocrats when he donate the relics to their favored churches.   

The (lay) Third Order of Saint Francis was revived in 17th-century Castile, establishing the Counter Reformation at all levels of society from royalty to peasantry. The priests vigorously developed and defended the concept of [[purgatory]], which had been rejected by Protestant theology. Despite the Church's efforts to make its intercession the only means of benefiting departed souls, other folk beliefs remained common in popular religious culture.

The (lay) Third Order of Saint Francis was revived in 17th century Castile, establishing the Counter Reformation at all levels of society from royalty to peasantry. The priests vigorously developed and defended the concept of [[purgatory]], which had been rejected by Protestant theology. Despite the Church's efforts to make its intercession the only means of benefiting departed souls, other folk beliefs remained common in popular religious culture.

====Spanish America====

====Spanish America====

====Hungary====

====Hungary====

The Roman Holy Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (or "Propaganda Fide") was the papal organization governing missionary work throughout the world. It regarded the entire territory of 17th-century Hungary as a missionary area. Ottoman-occupied Hungary and Transylvania needed help from the missionaries because of the disintegration of pre-occupation religious organizations, the rule of the "pagan" (Muslim) sultan, and the Protestantism of the princes of Transylvania. Royal Hungary needed missionary help to bolster an ailing Catholic Church and to bring Protestants back into the Catholic fold.

The Roman Holy Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (or "Propaganda Fide") was the papal organization governing missionary work throughout the world. It regarded the entire territory of 17th century Hungary as a missionary area. Ottoman-occupied Hungary and Transylvania needed help from the missionaries because of the disintegration of pre-occupation religious organizations, the rule of the "pagan" (Muslim) sultan, and the Protestantism of the princes of Transylvania. Royal Hungary needed missionary help to bolster an ailing Catholic Church and to bring Protestants back into the Catholic fold.

===France and the Netherlands===

===France and the Netherlands===