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[[File:Pencils-with-eraser-plugs.jpg|thumbnail]]
The '''Pencil eraser''' (originally called a "rubber") is an item which is now considered common. They are on the end of almost every American pencil, and can also be bought separately for very cheap prices. They are made from sticky or abrasive substance (or both) to remove graphite and other marks made by powder.
The '''Pencil eraser''' (originally called a "rubber") is an item which is now considered common. They are on the end of almost every American pencil, and can also be bought separately for very cheap prices. They are made from sticky or abrasive substance (or both) to remove graphite and other marks made by powder.
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
[[File:Pink Pearl eraser.jpg|thumbnail]]
Erasers have continues to develop and change. Erasers made solely from vulcanized rubber have become less popular, while other types have arisen. The most popular kind of modern eraser which us usually a pink color and coarse to the touch is made with pulverized pumice (volcanic ash), such as the popular ''Pink Pearl'' brand.<ref name="TheAtlantic">http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/10-things-you-probably-did-not-know-about-eraser-technology/279028</ref><br />
Erasers have continues to develop and change. Erasers made solely from vulcanized rubber have become less popular, while other types have arisen. The most popular kind of modern eraser which us usually a pink color and coarse to the touch is made with pulverized pumice (volcanic ash), such as the popular ''Pink Pearl'' brand.<ref name="TheAtlantic">http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/10-things-you-probably-did-not-know-about-eraser-technology/279028</ref><br />
[[File:Vinyl eraser.jpg|thumbnail|A Vinyl block eraser]]
Another common variety is the relatively new vinyl eraser. Tpolyvinyl chloride, mixed with calcium carbonate (which neutralizes hydrogen chloride, produced as PVC ages), and Pthlalate plasticizers (which keeps the material soft) is used to create this effective and minimally abrasive eraser.<br />
Another common variety is the relatively new vinyl eraser. Tpolyvinyl chloride, mixed with calcium carbonate (which neutralizes hydrogen chloride, produced as PVC ages), and Pthlalate plasticizers (which keeps the material soft) is used to create this effective and minimally abrasive eraser.<br />
Other varieties have also been created, including art gum erasers (which do not damage paper, but leave significant residue) and kneaded erasers (which leave no residue and do not wear away).<ref name="about.com">http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/eraser.htm</ref>
Other varieties have also been created, including art gum erasers (which do not damage paper, but leave significant residue) and kneaded erasers (which leave no residue and do not wear away).<ref name="about.com">http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/eraser.htm</ref>