Changes

===Lowering the tariff===

===Lowering the tariff===

In 1887 Cleveland began to crusade against the high protective tariff, as an evil combination of corruption, inefficiency, and unnecessary taxation. "Unnecessary taxation," he explained, "is unjust taxation", harking back to the basic American hatred of taxation as a threat to individual liberty. He wanted a lower tariff "for revenue only" (it funded most of the federal government). Republicans, in alliance with industry, argued that a high tariff made for high wages, high profits, and faster economic expansion. Cleveland failed to lower the tariff in 1888 when the Mills Bill was defeated. In 1890 the Republicans raised rates again in the [[McKinley Tariff]], which proved politically disastrous for the GOP.<ref>Tariff bills were usually named after the chief author, the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, and sometimes also the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee.</ref>  Historians conclude that the tariff made a difference in the woolen industry (where Britain was a lower-cost provider), and possibly in steel,  In other areas the U.S. was the world-wide low-cost produced and tariffs made little economic difference. American wages were higher, but efficiency was greater and so prices were lower.<ref>See [http://www.econlib.org/library/Taussig/tsgSTQtoc.html Taussig, F. W. ''Some Aspects of the Tariff Question: An Examination of the Development of American Industries Under Protection'' (1931)], and Taussig, ''The Tariff History of the United States''. [http://www.mises.org/etexts/taussig.pdf  5th edition 1910  online]</ref> The tariff was an important political issue because it symbolized the Republican dedication to rapid industrialization and GOP support from factory owners and factory workers.<ref>Irish Catholic textile mill workers were Democrats and opposed the tariff, but other factory workers voted republican and supported high tariffs.</ref>

In 1887 Cleveland began to crusade against the high protective tariff, as an evil combination of corruption, inefficiency, and unnecessary taxation. "Unnecessary taxation," he explained, "is unjust taxation", harking back to the basic American hatred of taxation as a threat to individual liberty. He wanted a lower tariff "for revenue only" (it funded most of the federal government). Republicans, in alliance with industry, argued that a high tariff made for high wages, high profits, and faster economic expansion. Cleveland failed to lower the tariff in 1888 when the Mills Bill was defeated. In 1890 the Republicans raised rates again in the [[McKinley Tariff]], which proved politically disastrous for the GOP.<ref>Tariff bills were usually named after the chief author, the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, and sometimes also the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee.</ref>  Historians conclude that the tariff made a difference in the woolen industry (where Britain was a lower-cost provider), and possibly in steel,  In other areas the U.S. was the worldwide low-cost produced and tariffs made little economic difference. American wages were higher, but efficiency was greater and so prices were lower.<ref>See [http://www.econlib.org/library/Taussig/tsgSTQtoc.html Taussig, F. W. ''Some Aspects of the Tariff Question: An Examination of the Development of American Industries Under Protection'' (1931)], and Taussig, ''The Tariff History of the United States''. [http://www.mises.org/etexts/taussig.pdf  5th edition 1910  online]</ref> The tariff was an important political issue because it symbolized the Republican dedication to rapid industrialization and GOP support from factory owners and factory workers.<ref>Irish Catholic textile mill workers were Democrats and opposed the tariff, but other factory workers voted republican and supported high tariffs.</ref>

===Navy Buildup===

===Navy Buildup===