Since he had no formal university training, "many British scientists were hesitant to accept his work, but Joule patiently persisted. New ideas often take time to gain acceptance, especially if they are put forward by an amateur in that field. Joule’s findings challenged the caloric theory of heat which most physicists believed in at that time. In the caloric theory, heat was believed to be a fluid substance."<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v15/i2/joule.asp James Joule biography]</ref> | Since he had no formal university training, "many British scientists were hesitant to accept his work, but Joule patiently persisted. New ideas often take time to gain acceptance, especially if they are put forward by an amateur in that field. Joule’s findings challenged the caloric theory of heat which most physicists believed in at that time. In the caloric theory, heat was believed to be a fluid substance."<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v15/i2/joule.asp James Joule biography]</ref> |