Roosevelt worked closely with Congress to pass important laws such as the 1903 Elkins Act and the 1906 Hepburn Act, that regulated railroad rates for the benefit of shippers and consumers. while injuring the railroads (which were assumed to be so rich that they could always pay). The new laws retarded the growth of the South, which the railroads could no longer afford to subsidize.<ref>Albro Martin, "The Troubled Subject of Railroad Regulation in the Gilded Age - a Reappraisal." ''Journal of American History'' 1974 61(2): 339-371 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1903953 in JSTOR]</ref>
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Roosevelt worked closely with Congress to pass important laws such as the 1903 Elkins Act and the 1906 Hepburn Act, that regulated railroad rates for the benefit of shippers and consumers. Ultimately, these bills injured the railroads (which were assumed to be so rich that they could always pay). The new laws retarded the growth of the South, which the railroads could no longer afford to subsidize.<ref>Albro Martin, "The Troubled Subject of Railroad Regulation in the Gilded Age - a Reappraisal." ''Journal of American History'' 1974 61(2): 339-371 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1903953 in JSTOR]</ref>