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The second settlement (from 1825) was also a prison colony, but for the worst repeat offenders from the New South Wales and Tasmanian prison colonies. This prison colony also closed (in 1855), and the island was used to move the thriving population of descendants of the [[HMS Bounty]] mutineers from the much smaller [[Pitcairn Island]] in 1856. This small group is the reason for the small number of surnames.
The second settlement (from 1825) was also a prison colony, but for the worst repeat offenders from the New South Wales and Tasmanian prison colonies. This prison colony also closed (in 1855), and the island was used to move the thriving population of descendants of the [[HMS Bounty]] mutineers from the much smaller [[Pitcairn Island]] in 1856. This small group is the reason for the small number of surnames.
==Recent history==
==Recent history==
An airstrip was built on the island during World War II, and it was a staging and refuelling point for aircraft flying from New Zealand and Australia to the Pacific Theatre. The major industry is tourism, with regular flights to both Australia and New Zealand. From 1979 the island was self-governed, however during 2016 all functions of government were taken over by the Australian government and residents "enjoy" the same laws and stictures of mainland Australians.
An airstrip was built on the island during World War II, and it was a staging and refuelling point for aircraft flying from New Zealand and Australia to the Pacific Theatre. The major industry is tourism, with regular flights to both Australia and New Zealand. From 1979 the island was self-governed, however during 2016 all functions of government were taken over by the Australian government and residents "enjoy" the same laws and stictures of mainland Australians.