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→Fifth Party System: The New Deal
Mayor Fiorello La Guardia of New York, a Republican [[New Deal]]er who supported Roosevelt, made the first efforts to court African-Americans, who were traditional Lincoln Republicans, into supporting the New Deal coalition. La Guardia not
Mayor Fiorello La Guardia of New York, a Republican [[New Deal]]er who supported Roosevelt, made the first efforts to court African-Americans, who were traditional Lincoln Republicans, into supporting the New Deal coalition. La Guardia not
only set up the rule that no African-American was to be arrested for anything, but also that police patrolling [[Harlem]] could not carry night sticks.
only set up the rule that no African-Americans was to be arrested for anything, but also that police patrolling [[Harlem]] could not carry night sticks. Not until the presidential election of 1960 when John Kennedy intervened for the release of of Martin Luther King, Jr., who was jailed in Atlanta following a non-violent protest two weeks before the election, did the majority of Blacks begin voting Democratic ''en bloc''. The transition was solidified four years later when the Republican presidential nominee, Barry Goldwater, crossed over and voted against party leadership with Southern Democrat segregationists to oppose the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
===Truman to Kennedy: 1945-1963===
===Truman to Kennedy: 1945-1963===