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mLine 22:
Line 22: − [[Image:Freedmen richmond sewing women.jpg|thumb|250px|Women sewing at the Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Virginia]]
→Education: -broken file link
=== Education ===
=== Education ===
The Bureau stressed the long-term goal of building schools and promoting illiteracy. (It had been illegal to teach slaves to read, but some could do so.) George Ruby, an African American, served as teacher and school administrator and as a traveling inspector for the Bureau, observing local conditions, aiding in the establishment of black schools, and evaluating the performance of Bureau field officers. His efforts met with enthusiasm for education on the part of blacks and bitter opposition, including physical violence, from many planters and other whites. The [[Ku Klux Klan]] often threatened the northern white women who were teaching in these schools, trying to coerce them to go back to the North.<ref>Crouch 1997</ref> Overall the Bureau spent $5 million to set up schools for blacks. By the end of 1865, more than 90,000 former slaves were enrolled as students in public schools. Attendance rates at the new schools for freedmen rose to 80% by 1868. A leading educator was Brigadier General [[Samuel Chapman Armstrong]]; as an agent of the Bureau he created and led Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia.
The Bureau stressed the long-term goal of building schools and promoting illiteracy. (It had been illegal to teach slaves to read, but some could do so.) George Ruby, an African American, served as teacher and school administrator and as a traveling inspector for the Bureau, observing local conditions, aiding in the establishment of black schools, and evaluating the performance of Bureau field officers. His efforts met with enthusiasm for education on the part of blacks and bitter opposition, including physical violence, from many planters and other whites. The [[Ku Klux Klan]] often threatened the northern white women who were teaching in these schools, trying to coerce them to go back to the North.<ref>Crouch 1997</ref> Overall the Bureau spent $5 million to set up schools for blacks. By the end of 1865, more than 90,000 former slaves were enrolled as students in public schools. Attendance rates at the new schools for freedmen rose to 80% by 1868. A leading educator was Brigadier General [[Samuel Chapman Armstrong]]; as an agent of the Bureau he created and led Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia.