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== Secondhand Smoke ==

== Secondhand Smoke ==

''Secondhand smoke'' refers to smoke that is inhaled by nonsmokers from the environment.  It is a combination of smoke given off by cigarettes and other smoking implements that is not inhaled by smokers, as well as the smoke exhaled by smokers.  The U.S. [[Environmental Protection Agency]] has classified secondhand smoke as a [[Group A carcinogen]], meaning that it is known to cause cancer in humans.  It has been reported that secondhand smoke causes 3,600 annual lung cancer deaths and between 22,700 and 69,600 heart disease deaths annually in the U.S.<ref>California Environmental Protection Agency (2005, June).  Health Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke.</ref>.  According the the [[Surgeon General]], even short-term exposure to secondhand smoke can have harmful effects on cardiovascular functioning<ref>The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: 6 Major Conclusions of the Surgeon General Report.  A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006.  Retrieved from [http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/factsheets/factsheet6.html]</ref>.  Tobacco companies have disputed the findings regarding harm caused by secondhand smoke.  For example, Imperial Tobacco's website states "...it is our view that the scientific evidence, taken as a whole, is insufficient to establish that other people's tobacco smoke is a cause of any disease."<ref>http://www.imperial-tobacco.com/index.asp?pageid=64&subsection=env_tobacco_smoke.  Accessed April 26, 2007.</ref>

''Secondhand smoke'' refers to smoke that is inhaled by nonsmokers from the environment.  It is a combination of smoke given off by cigarettes and other smoking implements that is not inhaled by smokers, as well as the smoke exhaled by smokers.  The U.S. [[Environmental Protection Agency]] has classified secondhand smoke as a [[Group A carcinogen]], meaning that it is known to cause cancer in humans.  It has been reported that secondhand smoke causes 3,600 annual lung cancer deaths and between 22,700 and 69,600 heart disease deaths annually in the U.S.<ref>California Environmental Protection Agency (2005, June).  Health Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke.</ref>.  According the the [[Surgeon General]], even short-term exposure to secondhand smoke can have harmful effects on cardiovascular functioning<ref>The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: 6 Major Conclusions of the Surgeon General Report.  A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006.  Retrieved from [http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/factsheets/factsheet6.html]</ref>.  Some tobacco companies have disputed the findings regarding harm caused by secondhand smoke.  For example, Imperial Tobacco's website states "...it is our view that the scientific evidence, taken as a whole, is insufficient to establish that other people's tobacco smoke is a cause of any disease"<ref>http://www.imperial-tobacco.com/index.asp?pageid=64&subsection=env_tobacco_smoke.  Accessed April 26, 2007.</ref>.  Other tobacco companies have acknowledged that secondhand smoke can be harmful, including [[Phillip Morris]]: "Public health officials have concluded that secondhand smoke from cigarettes causes disease...Phillip Morris USA believes that the public should be guided by the conclusions of public health officials...[and] that the conclusions of public health officials concerning environmental tobacco smoke are sufficient to warrant measures that regulate smoking in public places"<ref>http://www.phillipmorrisusa.com/en/health_issues/secondhand_smoke.asp.  Accessed April 26, 2007.</ref>.

== References ==

== References ==

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