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Line 5: + + − − Global temperatures are tracked by three different methods: satellites, weather balloons, and weather station data. All three methods confirm a modest amount of warming in recent decades.<ref>[http://www.euanmearns.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ratpac850to300V.png Here] is a graph of the RATPAC radiosonde data, perhaps the most accurate measure of global warming. It shows 0.8 °C of warming between 1978 to 2014. (That corresponds to a warming rate of two degrees per century.) You can find a collection of global climate charts [https://wattsupwiththat.com/global-climate/ here].</ref> Climatic change of this kind has occurred repeatedly in human history. It can be explained by the interaction of several natural cycles, including the 11-year-sunspot cycle, the Pacific decadal oscillation, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).<ref>72 percent of global temperature variation since 1958 reflects the influence of a Pacific Ocean weather cycle called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (McLean, J. D., C. R. de Freitas, and R. M. Carter (2009-07-23). "Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric temperature". Journal of Geophysical Research)</ref> Although the recent warming trend is much discussed in the media, it is not what the AGW theory is about. AGW posits, based on computer modelling, that a period of rapid warming is imminent.<ref>Bailey, Ronald (December 26, 2012). [http://reason.com/blog/2012/12/26/34-years-of-satellite-temperature-data-s "34 years of satellite temperature data show global warming is on a plateau"]. Hit & Run Blog/Reason.com. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref><ref>Cole, Steve and McCarthy, Leslie (January 12, 2011). [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2010-warmest-year.html "NASA research finds 2010 tied for warmest year on record"]. NASA website. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref><ref>Tisdale, Bob (August 10, 2012). [http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/08/10/not-hot-ocean-sst-around-the-usa-not-anywhere-near-record-levels/ "Not so hot—ocean temperatures around the USA are not anywhere near record levels"]. Watts Up with That? Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref>
reorder
*Dalmia, Shikha (December 2, 2009). [http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/01/climategate-scandal-science-obama-opinions-columnists-shikha-dalmia.html "Cringing over Climategate"]. Forbes website. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.
*Dalmia, Shikha (December 2, 2009). [http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/01/climategate-scandal-science-obama-opinions-columnists-shikha-dalmia.html "Cringing over Climategate"]. Forbes website. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.
*Taylor, James (November 23, 2011). [http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor/2011/11/23/climategate-2-0-new-e-mails-rock-the-global-warming-debate/ "Climategate 2.0: New e-mails rock the global warming debate"]. Forbes website. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref> Industrial and vehicular emissions could therefore lead to catastrophic warming in the near future. Environmentalists use this theory as a basis to propose cuts in energy production and consumption.
*Taylor, James (November 23, 2011). [http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor/2011/11/23/climategate-2-0-new-e-mails-rock-the-global-warming-debate/ "Climategate 2.0: New e-mails rock the global warming debate"]. Forbes website. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref> Industrial and vehicular emissions could therefore lead to catastrophic warming in the near future. Environmentalists use this theory as a basis to propose cuts in energy production and consumption.
Global temperatures are tracked by three different methods: satellites, weather balloons, and weather station data. All three methods confirm a modest amount of warming in recent decades.<ref>[http://www.euanmearns.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ratpac850to300V.png Here] is a graph of the RATPAC radiosonde data, perhaps the most accurate measure of global warming. It shows 0.8 °C of warming between 1978 to 2014. (That corresponds to a warming rate of two degrees per century.) You can find a collection of global climate charts [https://wattsupwiththat.com/global-climate/ here].</ref> This trend can be explained by the interaction of several natural cycles, including the 11-year-sunspot cycle, the Pacific decadal oscillation, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).<ref>72 percent of global temperature variation since 1958 reflects the influence of a Pacific Ocean weather cycle called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (McLean, J. D., C. R. de Freitas, and R. M. Carter (2009-07-23). "Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric temperature". Journal of Geophysical Research)</ref> Although the recent warming trend is much discussed in the media, it is not what the AGW theory is about. AGW posits, based on computer modelling, that a period of rapid warming is imminent.<ref>Bailey, Ronald (December 26, 2012). [http://reason.com/blog/2012/12/26/34-years-of-satellite-temperature-data-s "34 years of satellite temperature data show global warming is on a plateau"]. Hit & Run Blog/Reason.com. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref><ref>Cole, Steve and McCarthy, Leslie (January 12, 2011). [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2010-warmest-year.html "NASA research finds 2010 tied for warmest year on record"]. NASA website. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref><ref>Tisdale, Bob (August 10, 2012). [http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/08/10/not-hot-ocean-sst-around-the-usa-not-anywhere-near-record-levels/ "Not so hot—ocean temperatures around the USA are not anywhere near record levels"]. Watts Up with That? Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref>
Difficulties with the theory:
Difficulties with the theory:
*90 to 95 percent of the greenhouse effect is due to water vapor.<ref>Friedenreich and Ramaswamy, "Solar Radiation Absorption by Carbon Dioxide, Overlap with Water, and a Parameterization for General Circulation Models," Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993):7255-7264)</ref> There are humidity measurements going back to 1948, and no upward trend.<ref>[https://wattsupwiththat.com/global-climate/ global climate]</ref>
*90 to 95 percent of the greenhouse effect is due to water vapor.<ref>Friedenreich and Ramaswamy, "Solar Radiation Absorption by Carbon Dioxide, Overlap with Water, and a Parameterization for General Circulation Models," Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993):7255-7264)</ref> There are humidity measurements going back to 1948, and no upward trend.<ref>[https://wattsupwiththat.com/global-climate/ global climate]</ref>
*Warming has occurred at various times in the past. It has always been associated with favorable climate. The [[Roman Warm Period]] of ancient times was followed by the Dark Ages Cold Period of the Early Middle Ages. In the Late Middle Ages, there was the Medieval Warm Period. From the 14th century to the early 19th century, there was a Little Ice Age.<ref>Bastasch, Michael, "[http://dailycaller.com/2013/12/13/study-earth-was-warmer-in-roman-medieval-times/ Study: Earth was warmer in Roman, Medieval times]", ''The Daily Caller''</ref>
*Warming has occurred at various times in the past. It has always been associated with favorable climate. The [[Roman Warm Period]] of ancient times was followed by the Dark Ages Cold Period of the Early Middle Ages. In the Late Middle Ages, there was the Medieval Warm Period. From the 14th century to the early 19th century, there was a Little Ice Age.<ref>Bastasch, Michael, "[http://dailycaller.com/2013/12/13/study-earth-was-warmer-in-roman-medieval-times/ Study: Earth was warmer in Roman, Medieval times]", ''The Daily Caller''</ref>
Natural periods of global warming and global cooling are expected to occur regardless of human activity, and not long ago liberals were demanding more government control to combat an alleged cooling in temperatures, with some scientists warning of a possible ice age.<ref name="Time">"Science: Another Ice Age?" (June 24, 1974). ''Time'' magazine. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref> [[Global cooling]], a theory that predates global warming, obviously occurs naturally many times throughout [[Earth|Earth's]] geological history.<ref name="dissidents">"After any given warming phase begins, thousands of years later the cyclical [[Milankovitch]] decrease in the sun's heat kicks in. The warming stops, reverses and an [[ice age]] ensues." Cockburn, Alexander (June 9–11, 2007). [http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn06092007.html "Dissidents against dogma"]. Counterpunch. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref> The ease of refutation of anthropogenic global cooling claims foretells the eventual fate of the current global warming hysteria.
Natural periods of global warming and global cooling are expected to occur regardless of human activity, and not long ago liberals were demanding more government control to combat an alleged cooling in temperatures, with some scientists warning of a possible ice age.<ref name="Time">"Science: Another Ice Age?" (June 24, 1974). ''Time'' magazine. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref> [[Global cooling]], a theory that predates global warming, obviously occurs naturally many times throughout [[Earth|Earth's]] geological history.<ref name="dissidents">"After any given warming phase begins, thousands of years later the cyclical [[Milankovitch]] decrease in the sun's heat kicks in. The warming stops, reverses and an [[ice age]] ensues." Cockburn, Alexander (June 9–11, 2007). [http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn06092007.html "Dissidents against dogma"]. Counterpunch. Retrieved on September 25, 2014.</ref> The ease of refutation of anthropogenic global cooling claims foretells the eventual fate of the current global warming hysteria.