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European migrant crisis (view source)
Revision as of 18:05, January 14, 2017
, 18:05, January 14, 2017→United Kingdom
Former UKIP leader Nigel Farage is arguably the most successful British politician of the modern age for successfully advocating and then winning a referendum for leaving the EU.<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2016/06/24/buzzfeed-nigel-farage-britains-successful-politician-generation/ BuzzFeed: Nigel Farage ‘Britain’s Most Successful Politician in a Generation’]. ''Breitbart''. June 24, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016.</ref>
Former UKIP leader Nigel Farage is arguably the most successful British politician of the modern age for successfully advocating and then winning a referendum for leaving the EU.<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2016/06/24/buzzfeed-nigel-farage-britains-successful-politician-generation/ BuzzFeed: Nigel Farage ‘Britain’s Most Successful Politician in a Generation’]. ''Breitbart''. June 24, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016.</ref>
==Switzerland==
Switzerland has one of the largest immigrant populations in Europe. As of about 2014, 27.7% of the Swiss population was born in another country, the second highest in Europe.<ref name="Highest">[http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/migration-outlook_switzerland-has-highest-number-of-immigrants/41145410 Switzerland has highest number of immigrants]. ''Swissinfo''. December 1, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2016.</ref> Additionally, for the year 2012, 1.6% of the Swiss population were foreigners who decided to permanently settle in Switzerland in that year alone, the highest of any European Country.<ref name="Highest"/> Additionally, in the year 2013, over 35% of adults in Switzerland were either first of second generation immigrants.<ref name="Swell">[http://www.thelocal.ch/20150122/immigrants-rise-to-more-thank-third-of Immigrants swell to third of Swiss population]. ''The Local''. January 22, 2015.</ref> 2.4 million of the 6.8 million adults in Switzerland were in this group, up from 1.7 million just 10 years prior.<ref name="Swell"/> Fortunately for non-immigrants, Switzerland has strict citizenship laws, so relatively few immigrants and their distant descendants can become citizens (if they are not related to a non-immigrant, they must prove that they are well-integrated into Swiss society and can only apply after 10 years in the country).<ref name="Swell"/>
Residents of Switzerland can see the changes due to immigration. Even in rural, conservative areas, it is becoming more and more common to see people who clearly are not Swiss. Actually, one could actually consider Switzerland's reaction to the massive immigration problem to be very mild, as other countries with even less immigration to the country are reacting just as strongly.
===Swiss People's Party===
[[File:National Council of Switzerland 2015 election winner by canton.svg.png|thumb|300px|Results of the 2015 Swiss federal election in October 2015. Each canton is shaded according to the party that won the most votes for the National Council (lower house). The SVP is shaded in dark green, and it won the largest popular victory for a Swiss political party in at least a century.<ref name="SlideToRight"/>]]
:''Main article: [[Swiss People's Party]]''
Unlike most other European right-wing parties, the Swiss People's Party has been well established for decades, and it became the largest party in Switzerland during the 1990s, long before other European countries.
The SVP and its predecessors had "showed remarkable stability" in "electoral support" until the 1990s.<ref>Skenderovic, pp. 127.</ref> However, the SVP grew dramatically in size, becoming the largest party by 1999 with 22.5 percent of the vote.<ref>[http://www.politik-stat.ch/nrw1999CH_de.html 1999 federal election results]. ''politik-stat.ch''. Retrieved October 12, 2016.</ref> This growth directly coincided with the victory of the conservative, right-wing faction of the party—led by businessman [[Christoph Blocher]]—over the moderate establishment faction.<ref>Skenderovic, pp. 129, 132-135, 141.</ref>
Arguably the most important action of the SVP was its successful opposition of Swiss entry into the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1992. As a strong conservative, Blocher strongly opposed Swiss integration with, and thus a loss of sovereignty to, outside powers, and he was able to convince the national party to adopt his position.<ref name="pp.135">Skenderovic, pp. 135.</ref> The SVP was one of only two major parties to oppose membership, the other being the [[leftist]] Greens.<ref name="Trampusch">Trampusch, Christine and André Mach (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=5nOrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63&dq=Swiss+People's+Party+%2B+EEA+1992&source=bl&ots=6ykAlPUxDf&sig=KnL0LwEuLNklUYfTL_lQWFuobHI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj56sX01NvPAhVI7SYKHdgJC-0Q6AEIPjAG#v=onepage&q=Swiss%20People's%20Party%20%2B%20EEA%201992&f=false Switzerland in Europe: Continuity and Change in the Swiss Political Economy]. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-58051-9.</ref> The referendum to join the EEA failed, a major success for Blocher and the SVP, and a majority of SVP members voted with Blocher, strengthening his position in the party.<ref name="pp.135"/> The vote has been considered "a turning point" for the SVP and Swiss politics in general.<ref>Skenderovic, Damir (January 21, 2013). [http://policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4317 The SVP: A success story of right-wing populism]. ''policy-network.net''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> Since then, opposition to European integration and loss of national sovereignty has been "a main issue" for the SVP, and in the coming years it sponsored several other conservative national initiatives, which usually were not successful.<ref>Skenderovic, pp. 135-138.</ref>
The SVP continued to grow dramatically, and in the 2015 federal election the party received 29.4 percent of the vote and 65 seats in the 200-seat National Council, a record amount for the party.<ref name="SlideToRight">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/switzerland/11939953/Anti-immigration-party-wins-Swiss-election-in-slide-to-the-Right.html Anti-immigration party wins Swiss election in 'slide to the Right']. ''The Telegraph'' (originally by ''Reuters''). October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2016.</ref> No Swiss political party had exceeded the SVP's share of the vote in at least a century, and no party received more seats in the National Council since 1963, when the number of seats was established at 200.<ref name="SlideToRight"/> In the same election, [[leftist]] parties lost a large number of seats.<ref name="SlideToRight"/><ref name="BreitbartCH">[http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/10/19/swiss-parliament-shifts-to-right-in-vote-dominated-by-migrant-surge/ Swiss Parliament Shifts To Right In Vote Dominated By Migrant Surge]. ''Breitbart'' (by ''AFP''). October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2016.</ref> Immigration was a major reason for the party's historic and record-breaking 2015 victory.<ref name="BreitbartCH"/><ref>[http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21676703-fear-immigrations-swings-switzerland-even-farther-right-switzerland-scarcely-touched-europes-new Fear of immigration swings Switzerland even farther right]. ''The Economist''. October 20, 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2016.</ref>
Successful referendums that the SVP has sponsored include a 2009 initiative to ban the construction of any new minarets,<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/11/29/switzerland.minaret.referendum/index.html?iref=24hours Swiss vote to ban minaret construction]. ''CNN''. November 29, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> a 2010 initiative to expel foreigners who commit crimes,<ref>[http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/2010-initiative_foreign-criminal-expulsion-law-set-for-october/42001678 Foreign criminal expulsion law set for October]. ''Swissinfo''. March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> and a 2014 initiative to limit immigration by instituting quotas on it.<ref>[http://www.dw.com/en/swiss-voters-narrowly-back-referendum-curbing-immigration/a-17420367 Swiss voters narrowly back referendum curbing immigration]. ''Deutsche Welle''. February 9, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> The 2010 and 2014 referendums, however, were watered down by the liberal Swiss government.
==Norway==
==Norway==