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The Seventh Ecumenical Council: [[Nicaea II|Second Council of Nicaea]] 787 was called by the [[Empress Irene]], widow of the late Emperor Leo IV and mother of the Emperor Constantine IV, to quell the growing violent unrest against those Eastern Bishops who were spreading the heresy of [[Iconoclasm]] supported by [[Emperor Leo III]], who had been fiercely condemned by Pope [[Hadrian I]], as well as by his predecessors Popes [[Gregory II]] and Pope [[Gregory III]].
The Seventh Ecumenical Council: [[Nicaea II|Second Council of Nicaea]] 787 was called by the [[Empress Irene]], widow of the late Emperor Leo IV and mother of the Emperor Constantine IV, to quell the growing violent unrest against those Eastern Bishops who were spreading the heresy of [[Iconoclasm]] supported by [[Emperor Leo III]], who had been fiercely condemned by Pope [[Hadrian I]], as well as by his predecessors Popes [[Gregory II]] and Pope [[Gregory III]].
The Eighth Ecumenical Council: [[Constantinople IV|Fourth Council of Constantinople]] 869-870 was called jointly by the [[Emperor Basil]] and Pope [[Hadrian II]]. The paramount issue was declaring the Patriarch [[Photius]] a heretic for openly criticizing clerical [[celibacy]], challenging Pope Saint Leo III's crowning of [[Charlemagne]] as Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas of 800, and questioned the ''[[Filioque]]'' of the [[Apostles' Creed]].
The Eighth Ecumenical Council: [[Constantinople IV|Fourth Council of Constantinople]] 869-870 was called jointly by the [[Emperor Basil]] and Pope [[Hadrian II]] to deal with the paramount issue of declaring the Patriarch [[Photius]] a heretic for openly criticizing clerical [[celibacy]], challenging Pope Saint Leo III's crowning of [[Charlemagne]] as Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas of 800, and questioned the ''[[Filioque]]'' of the [[Apostles' Creed]].
See also [http://www.dailycatholic.org/history/councils.htm Major Councils of the Church (dailycatholic.org)]
See also [http://www.dailycatholic.org/history/councils.htm Major Councils of the Church (dailycatholic.org)]