Changes

{{Cquote| Planning will become a function of the federal government; either that or the planning agency will supersede the government, which is why, of course, such a scheme will be assimilated to the State.}}

{{Cquote| Planning will become a function of the federal government; either that or the planning agency will supersede the government, which is why, of course, such a scheme will be assimilated to the State.}}

While at the Wharton School, Tugwell was a student of radical professors such as Simon Patten and [[Scott Nearing]].<ref name=patten>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XfX72hARkpsC&pg=PA235 The Institutionalist Movement in American Economics, 1918–1947: Science and Social Control]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4AIHjFfIQd4C&pg=RA1-PA1842 Managing the Mountains: Land Use Planning, the New Deal, and the Creation of a Federal Landscape in Appalachia]</ref>  There, he drew much inspiration from the writings of [[Thorstein Veblen]].<ref name=sternsher>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qKt2AAAAMAAJ&dq=thorstein+veblen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+thorstein+veblen Rexford Tugwell and the New Deal]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yzsWS6DJ-IAC&pg=PA111 The Clash of Economic Ideas: The Great Policy Debates and Experiments of the Last Hundred Years]</ref>  Once he went to Columbia University, he attended lectures by [[John Dewey]].<ref name=patten/>

While at the Wharton School, Tugwell was a student of radical professors such as Simon Patten and [[Scott Nearing]].<ref name=patten>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XfX72hARkpsC&pg=PA235 The Institutionalist Movement in American Economics, 1918–1947: Science and Social Control]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4AIHjFfIQd4C&pg=RA1-PA1842 Managing the Mountains: Land Use Planning, the New Deal, and the Creation of a Federal Landscape in Appalachia]</ref>  There, he drew much inspiration from the writings of [[Thorstein Veblen]].<ref name=sternsher>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qKt2AAAAMAAJ&dq=thorstein+veblen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+thorstein+veblen Rexford Tugwell and the New Deal]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yzsWS6DJ-IAC&pg=PA111 The Clash of Economic Ideas: The Great Policy Debates and Experiments of the Last Hundred Years]</ref>  Once he went to Columbia University, he attended lectures by [[John Dewey]].<ref name=patten/>  Tugwell was also inspired by the writings of [[Upton Sinclair]], James Bryce, [[Edward Bellamy]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5cW6AAAAIAAJ&dq=edward+bellamy&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=edward+bellamy Rexford G. Tugwell: A Biography]</ref> Frederick Winslow Taylor,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=134fup3VQPkC&pg=PT210 The Crisis of the Old Order: 1919-1933, The Age of Roosevelt], By Arthur M. Schlesinger, p. 210</ref> and Charles van Hise.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ffe9hAlbC2sC&pg=RA1-PT32 A Commonwealth of Hope: The New Deal Response to Crisis]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UQlEq9GILRgC&pg=PR98-IA15 The American People in the Great Depression: Freedom from Fear, Part One]</ref>

 

==Banking crisis of 1933==

==Banking crisis of 1933==

President [[Herbert Hoover]] tried to coordinate national policy with FDR to deal with the banking crisis during the long interregnum between the November election and the March 4 inauguration, but Roosevelt refused to cooperate.  Tugwell communicated a message which said President Roosevelt was "fully aware of the bank situation and that it would undoubtedly collapse in a few days."  [[Ray Moley]] explained years later Roosevelt refused to cooperate because "he preferred to have conditions deteriorate and gain for himself the entire credit for the rescue operation." <ref>Herbert Hoover, ''The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression 1929-1941'', The MacMillan Company, New York 1952, pp. 214-215.</ref>

President [[Herbert Hoover]] tried to coordinate national policy with FDR to deal with the banking crisis during the long interregnum between the November election and the March 4 inauguration, but Roosevelt refused to cooperate.  Tugwell communicated a message which said President Roosevelt was "fully aware of the bank situation and that it would undoubtedly collapse in a few days."  [[Ray Moley]] explained years later Roosevelt refused to cooperate because "he preferred to have conditions deteriorate and gain for himself the entire credit for the rescue operation." <ref>Herbert Hoover, ''The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression 1929-1941'', The MacMillan Company, New York 1952, pp. 214-215.</ref>