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'''Amphetamine''' is a [[stimulant]] that at higher doses result in an increase in energy and activity, hyper-responsiveness to environmental stimuli, [[euphoria]], and a number of [[physiological]] signs of hyperactivation. At lower doses, it improves attention, wakefulness, mood and reduces appetite. It was first synthesized in 1887 by a Romanian chemist named Lazăr Edeleanu, although no use for it was known until 1927 that pharmacologist Gordon Alles, seeking a decongestant alternative to ephedrine, tested the chemical on himself. Amphetamine in various forms is medically approved to relieve symptoms of [[Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder]] (ADHD), [[Narcolepsy]], and produce weight loss. Amphetamine is sometimes used off-label to treat conditions such as [[Depression]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]].  

'''Amphetamine''' is a [[stimulant]] that at higher doses results in an increase in energy and activity, hyper-responsiveness to environmental stimuli, [[euphoria]], and a number of [[physiological]] signs of hyperactivation. At lower doses, it improves attention, wakefulness, mood and reduces appetite. It was first synthesized in 1887 by a Romanian chemist named Lazăr Edeleanu, although no use for it was known until 1927 that pharmacologist Gordon Alles, seeking a decongestant alternative to ephedrine, tested the chemical on himself. Amphetamine in various forms is medically approved to relieve symptoms of [[Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder]] (ADHD), [[Narcolepsy]], and produce weight loss. Amphetamine is sometimes used off-label to treat conditions such as [[Depression]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]].  

Amphetamine exists in two [[stereoisomer]]s, dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine; amphetamine refers to the racemate—equal amounts of dextro- and levo[[isomers]]. Dextroamphetamine has more potent central stimulant effects than levoamphetamine, which has more prominent peripheral stimulant effects. This is partly due to dextroamphetamine having greater overall effect on dopamine. However, levoamphetamine increases dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, where dopamine reuptake depends on the norepinephrine transporter. Amphetamine medications include (racemic) amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and mixtures like ''Adderall'' containing approximately 75% dextro- and 25% levoamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine is also available as lisdexamfetamine, an abuse resistant prodrug that slowly converts to dextroamphetamine and l-lysine in the blood stream. Amphetamine medications are most often salts in either immediate release or time release forms. In addition to lisdexamphetamine, new formulations include amphetamine base in a liquid suspension. Despite controversy, stimulants such as amphetamines remain the first line treatment for ADHD, superior to behavioral methods and shown to reduce risks of recreational drug use.

Amphetamine exists in two [[stereoisomer]]s, dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine; amphetamine refers to the racemate—equal amounts of dextro- and levo[[isomers]]. Dextroamphetamine has more potent central stimulant effects than levoamphetamine, which has more prominent peripheral stimulant effects. This is partly due to dextroamphetamine having greater overall effect on dopamine. However, levoamphetamine increases dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, where dopamine reuptake depends on the norepinephrine transporter. Amphetamine medications include (racemic) amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and mixtures like ''Adderall'' containing approximately 75% dextro- and 25% levoamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine is also available as lisdexamfetamine, an abuse resistant prodrug that slowly converts to dextroamphetamine and l-lysine in the blood stream. Amphetamine medications are most often salts in either immediate release or time release forms. In addition to lisdexamphetamine, new formulations include amphetamine base in a liquid suspension. Despite controversy, stimulants such as amphetamines remain the first line treatment for ADHD, superior to behavioral methods and shown to reduce risks of recreational drug use.