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Controlled Substances Act (view source)
Revision as of 01:15, February 17, 2017
, 01:15, February 17, 2017→Controlled substances: add section; →Drug schedules: correct mistakes: methamphetamine is C-II, Redux removed 20 years ago, Provigil not psychotropic, most psychotropics not controlled (SSRI, TCA, MAOI, SNRI, lithium, mood stabilizers...)
:(C) There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
:(C) There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
Examples of Schedule I drugs include heroin and other opiates, methampethines, MDMA (ecstasy), [[LSD]], [[marijuana]], and mescaline.
Examples of Schedule I drugs include certain opioids including heroin, MDMA (ecstasy), [[LSD]], [[marijuana]], and mescaline.
===Schedule II.===
===Schedule II.===
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
Schedule II drugs include some opiate pain medications (e.g., morphine, methadone), cocaine (legal as a topical surgical anesthetic only), Ritalin, amphetamines, opium, and barbiturates.
Schedule II drugs include opium, certain opioids (pain medications such as morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl), [[cocaine]] (approved as a topical surgical anesthetic), [[methamphetamine]] (''Desoxyn''), [[amphetamine]] (''Adderall''), methylphenidate (''Ritalin'') and many barbiturates.
===Schedule III.===
===Schedule III.===
:(A) The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II.
:(A) The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II.
:(B) The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
:(B) The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychologicaldependence.
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
Anabolic steroids, ketamine, and certain pain and stimulant medications are listed on Schedule III.
Anabolic steroids, ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and certain opioid medications (buprenorphine, tramadol, many codeine mixtures) and stimulant medications (modafinil, benzphetamine) are listed on Schedule III.
===Schedule IV.===
===Schedule IV.===
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
Examples of Schedule IV substances include many [[psychotropic medication]]s (e.g., Xanax, Ativan, Provigil), diet drugs (e.g., Redux), rohypnol, and Ambien.
Examples of Schedule IV substances include many benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, flunitrazepam), benzodiazepine like sleep drugs (e.g., zolpidem), and diet drugs (e.g., phentermine).
===Schedule V.===
===Schedule V.===
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV.
:(C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV.
Substances on Schedule V primarily include medications containing smaller doses of opiates (e.g., cough syrups).
Substances on Schedule V primarily include medications containing smaller doses of opioids (e.g., cough syrups).
==Controlled substances==
Drugs and other materials regulated by the Controlled Substances Act are called '''controlled substances'''. Some controlled substances (e.g., thebaine) are not drugs but are used to make other controlled substances which are (e.g., hydrocodone, hydromorphone). Drugs which are controlled substances use abbreviated markings, such as schedule II controlled substances marked C-II.
Because a CSA schedule includes legal use does not mean that each substance (drug) listed in that schedule is approved and legal in the United States. ''Rohypnol'' (flunitrazepam) is a schedule IV drug that is unapproved and illegal in the US. An uncontrolled drug may later become a controlled substance, such as tramadol (''Ultram'') and modafinil (''Provigil'') being placed in schedule IV. Similarly controlled drugs may be rescheduled, such as hydrocodone (''Lortab'', ''Vicodin'') moved from schedule III to schedule II, or dronabinol (''Marinol'') moved from schedule II to schedule III.
Some states place controlled drugs into more restricted schedules, that is, reschedule them.
Aside from the United States, many other countries have adopted a similar system regulating drugs by abuse potential.
==Constitutionality==
==Constitutionality==