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→Author of Bill of Rights: Madison directly credited Martin Luther as his inspiration in the crafting of the First Amendment
By December 1791, ten of Madison's proposed amendments were ratified and became the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights did not apply to the states until the passages of Fourteenth Amendment gave a federal guarantee to federal rights inside the states.
By December 1791, ten of Madison's proposed amendments were ratified and became the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights did not apply to the states until the passages of Fourteenth Amendment gave a federal guarantee to federal rights inside the states.
===First Amendment===
The concept of religious liberty was long known to be a Christian concept in the days of the Founders, and Madison directly credited [[Martin Luther]] as his inspiration in the crafting of that amendment. He wrote: (referencing an address of a reverend)
<blockquote>It is a pleasing and persuasive example of pious zeal, united with pure benevolence, and of cordial attachment to a particular creed, untinctured with sectarian illiberality. It illustrates the excellence of a system which, by a due distinction, to which the genius and courage of Luther led the way, between what is due to Caesar and what is due to God, best promotes the discharge of both obligations. The experience of the United States is a happy disproof of the error so long rooted in the unenlightened minds of well-meaning Christians, as well as in the corrupt hearts of persecuting usurpers, that without a legal incorporation of religious and civil polity, neither could be supported. A mutual independence is found most friendly to practical Religion, to social harmony, and to political prosperity.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I6tLmjLqRfAC&pg=PA242 Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, 1816-1828], Letter to F. L. Schaeffer, Montpellier, December 3rd, 1821</ref></blockquote>
==Opposition to Hamilton==
==Opposition to Hamilton==