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The '''Anti-Federalists''' were opponents of the ratification of the [[U.S. Constitution]] in 1788. The Anti-Federalists were local leaders and never formed alliances across state lines; they never formed an actual party.  By contrast the '''Federalists''' of 1787-88, led by [[George Washington]], [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[James Madison]], were nationally oriented and cooperated across state lines. This cooperation enabled the Federalists to secure ratification in all 13 states.  They were defeated in each state by the Federalists and the Constitution was ratified by all 13 states, going into effect in 1789 with [[George Washington]] as the first president.  

The '''Anti-Federalists''' were opponents of the ratification of the [[U.S. Constitution]] in 1788, who authored a series of works known as the [[Anti-Federalist Papers]]. The Anti-Federalists were local leaders and never formed alliances across state lines; they never formed an actual party.  By contrast the '''Federalists''' of 1787-88, led by [[George Washington]], [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[James Madison]], were nationally oriented and cooperated across state lines. This cooperation enabled the Federalists to secure ratification in all 13 states.  They were defeated in each state by the Federalists and the Constitution was ratified by all 13 states, going into effect in 1789 with [[George Washington]] as the first president.  

The Anti-Federalists were local leaders and never formed alliances across state lines; they never formed an actual party. By contrast the Federalists were nationally oriented and cooperated across state lines. This cooperation enabled the federalists to secure ratification in all 13 states.  Prominent Anti-Federalists included [[Patrick Henry]] and [[George Mason]] in Virginia and [[George Clinton]] in New York. [[Thomas Jefferson]], then the minister to France, was dubious about the new document but did not publicly oppose it.  

The Anti-Federalists were local leaders and never formed alliances across state lines; they never formed an actual party. By contrast the Federalists were nationally oriented and cooperated across state lines. This cooperation enabled the federalists to secure ratification in all 13 states.  Prominent Anti-Federalists included [[Patrick Henry]] and [[George Mason]] in Virginia and [[George Clinton]] in New York. [[Thomas Jefferson]], then the minister to France, was dubious about the new document but did not publicly oppose it.