| − | Centuries earlier, [[Jacob]] had led his vast extended family into Egypt, eventually settling in the province of [[Goshen]]. The number of years is either 215 years ("short Sojourn)" or 430 years ("long Sojourn"). Jacob had done this at the invitation of his son [[Joseph]], whom he had thought dead but who, as it happened, had risen from being a common prisoner to senior prison trustee and eventually [[viceroy]] of Egypt. The story of Joseph, and especially his viceroyship and the circumstances under which he entered into it, is told [[Joseph#The Viceroy|here]].
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| − | The [[Pharaoh]] who welcomed Joseph was likely [[Sesostris I]],<ref name=Timing>Tas Walker, Steve Cardno and Jonathan Sarfati. "[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4190 Timing is Everything: A Talk with Field Archaeologist David Down]." ''Creation'' 27(3):30-35, June 2005.</ref> the second ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty,<ref>Author unknown. "[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066895/Sesostris-I Entry for Sesostris I]." ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007 from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.</ref><ref>Kinnaer, Jacques. "[http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/12/1202_sesostris_i/history.html Entry on Sesostris I]." ''The Ancient Egypt Site'', 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref><ref>Kjellen, Tore. "[http://lexicorient.com/e.o/sesostris_1.htm Entry for Sesostris I]." ''Encyclopedia of the Orient'' online, 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref> Soon, however, two other Pharaohs, who were considerably harder of heart, succeeded to the throne: [[Sesostris III]] and his immediate successor [[Amenemhet III]].<ref name=Jaroncyk>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4812/ Jaroncyk, Ron]. "[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4857 Egyptian History and the Biblical Record: A Perfect Match]?" ''[http://www.creationontheweb.com/ Creation Ministries International],'' January 23, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2007.</ref> These two (or perhaps the latter of the two) set in motion a chain of events that led to the founding of one nation and a near-total disaster for the other. | + | The [[Pharaoh]] who welcomed Joseph into Egypt was likely [[Sesostris I]],<ref name=Timing>Tas Walker, Steve Cardno and Jonathan Sarfati. "[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4190 Timing is Everything: A Talk with Field Archaeologist David Down]." ''Creation'' 27(3):30-35, June 2005.</ref> the second ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty,<ref>Author unknown. "[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066895/Sesostris-I Entry for Sesostris I]." ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007 from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.</ref><ref>Kinnaer, Jacques. "[http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/12/1202_sesostris_i/history.html Entry on Sesostris I]." ''The Ancient Egypt Site'', 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref><ref>Kjellen, Tore. "[http://lexicorient.com/e.o/sesostris_1.htm Entry for Sesostris I]." ''Encyclopedia of the Orient'' online, 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref> Soon, however, two other Pharaohs, who were considerably harder of heart, succeeded to the throne: [[Sesostris III]] and his immediate successor [[Amenemhet III]].<ref name=Jaroncyk>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4812/ Jaroncyk, Ron]. "[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4857 Egyptian History and the Biblical Record: A Perfect Match]?" ''[http://www.creationontheweb.com/ Creation Ministries International],'' January 23, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2007.</ref> These two (or perhaps the latter of the two) set in motion a chain of events that led to the founding of one nation and a near-total disaster for the other. |
| | Sesostris III probably began the oppression after observing the phenomenal growth rate of the Hebrew population. Tellingly, the Bible says that the Pharaoh was worried that the [[Israelite]]s might ally themselves to Egypt's enemies in war.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=7-10}}</ref> (This would be entirely consistent with the Exodus taking place toward the end of the Twelfth or Thirteenth Dynasty and the beginning of the Hyksos period.) | | Sesostris III probably began the oppression after observing the phenomenal growth rate of the Hebrew population. Tellingly, the Bible says that the Pharaoh was worried that the [[Israelite]]s might ally themselves to Egypt's enemies in war.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=7-10}}</ref> (This would be entirely consistent with the Exodus taking place toward the end of the Twelfth or Thirteenth Dynasty and the beginning of the Hyksos period.) |