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'''Espionage''' refers to the act of gathering information, generally using subversive means. A person who engages in espionage is called a [[spy]].  It is carried on by Intelligence bureaus operated by the military or the government, such as the [[CIA]], [[KGB]] and [[Mossad]].

'''Espionage''' refers to the act of gathering information, generally using subversive means. A person who engages in espionage is called a [[spy]].  It is carried on by both governmental and private organizations. Intelligence bureaus operated by the military or the government, such as the [[CIA]], [[KGB]], [[MI5]] and [[Mossad]] are among the more familiar known to the public. Subcontractors and [[front organizations]] also are frequently employed.

The word ''Espionage'' comes from the [[French]] word ''espionage'', meaning literally "to spy". However, it was the Americans and Soviets who made the most historical use of espionage, during the [[Cold War]]. Almost all countries have used espionage, notably [[Israel]],<ref>http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/spyring.html</ref> Germany during World War II, and Britain. Espionage is much less talked about today, except for ''industrial espionage'', which is what happens when one company spies on another one, or a government spy agency tries to discover corporate secrets in another country.

The word ''Espionage'' comes from the [[French]] word ''espionage'', meaning literally "to spy". However, it was the Americans and Soviets who made the most historical use of espionage, during the [[Cold War]]. Almost all countries have used espionage, notably [[Israel]],<ref>http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/spyring.html</ref> Germany during World War II, and Britain. Espionage is much less talked about today, except for ''industrial espionage'', which is what happens when one company spies on another one, or a government spy agency tries to discover corporate secrets in another country.