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*[[Facebook]] suspended 30,000 accounts in [[France]] a mere ten days before its national election in 2017, in censorship of supporters of the right-wing, eurosceptic [[Marine Le Pen]]<ref>Hoft, Jim (April 14, 2017). [http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2017/04/facebook-suspends-30000-french-accounts-10-days-election-attempt-censor-le-pen-supporters/ Facebook Suspends 30,000 French Accounts 10 days Before Election in Attempt to Censor Le Pen Supporters]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>

*[[Facebook]] suspended 30,000 accounts in [[France]] a mere ten days before its national election in 2017, in censorship of supporters of the right-wing, eurosceptic [[Marine Le Pen]]<ref>Hoft, Jim (April 14, 2017). [http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2017/04/facebook-suspends-30000-french-accounts-10-days-election-attempt-censor-le-pen-supporters/ Facebook Suspends 30,000 French Accounts 10 days Before Election in Attempt to Censor Le Pen Supporters]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>

*refusal to carry news about the horrors at the [[abortion]] clinic of Gosnell Kermit, on trial for murder in April 2013 in Philadelphia

*Refusal to carry news about the horrors at the [[abortion]] clinic of Gosnell Kermit, on trial for murder in April 2013 in Philadelphia

*the banning of [[prayer]] in the classroom.<ref>See, e.g., [[classroom prayer]].</ref>

*The banning of [[prayer]] in the classroom.<ref>See, e.g., [[classroom prayer]].</ref>

*the restrictions on sidewalk counseling of women about the harms caused by [[abortion]].

*The restrictions on sidewalk counseling of women about the harms caused by [[abortion]].

*the removal of [[conservative]] ideas from Wikipedia, for example, Wikipedia has no articles about the ills of atheism<ref>See [[Bias in Wikipedia]].</ref>

*The removal of [[conservative]] ideas from Wikipedia, for example, Wikipedia has no articles about the ills of atheism<ref>See [[Bias in Wikipedia]].</ref>

*the refusal to report on news that a prominent African American endorsed a [[conservative]] candidate.

*The refusal to report on news that a prominent African American endorsed a [[conservative]] candidate.

*the refusal to expose, in a timely manner, falsehoods published by the [[communist]] media.

*The refusal to expose, in a timely manner, falsehoods published by the [[Communist]] media.

*the rejection of [[pro-life]] advertisements.<ref>See, e.g., "[[Canadian]] City Backpedals on Decision to Censor [[Pro-life]] Bus-shelter Ads." [http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/jun/08060506.html]</ref>

*The rejection of [[pro-life]] advertisements.<ref>See, e.g., "[[Canadian]] City Backpedals on Decision to Censor [[Pro-life]] Bus-shelter Ads." [http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/jun/08060506.html]</ref>

*the banning of mention of [[intelligent design]] in school.<ref>See, e.g., [[Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]].</ref>

*The banning of mention of [[intelligent design]] in school.<ref>See, e.g., [[Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]].</ref>

*the vandalizing of pro-life displays and conservative websites.

*The vandalizing of pro-life displays and conservative websites (including Conservapedia).

 

*Censorship can also take the form of ostracizing students for expressing [[pro-life]] or other [[conservative]] views.<ref>See, e.g., [[liberals and friendship]].</ref>   

*Censorship can also take the form of ostracizing students for expressing [[pro-life]] or other [[conservative]] views.<ref>See, e.g., [[liberals and friendship]].</ref>   

*protesting and disrupting invited conservative speakers on campuses.<ref>[http://www.nysun.com/new-york/at-columbia-students-attack-minuteman-founder/41020/ At Columbia, Students Attack Minuteman Founder] Ny Sun,  October 5, 2006</ref>

*Protesting and disrupting invited conservative speakers on campuses.<ref>[http://www.nysun.com/new-york/at-columbia-students-attack-minuteman-founder/41020/ At Columbia, Students Attack Minuteman Founder] Ny Sun,  October 5, 2006</ref>

*Censorship is sometimes based on a misuse of [[copyright]], as in the unsuccessful attempt to censor the movie [[Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]] about [[intelligent design]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7432860.stm</ref>

*Censorship is sometimes based on a misuse of [[copyright]], as in the unsuccessful attempt to censor the movie [[Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]] about [[intelligent design]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7432860.stm</ref>

 

*The destruction or theft of [[conservative]] newspapers on college campuses.<ref>http://www.thebulletin.us/site/index.cfm?newsid=19383118&BRD=2737&PAG=461&dept_id=576361&rfi=8</ref>

*the destruction or theft of [[conservative]] newspapers on college campuses.<ref>http://www.thebulletin.us/site/index.cfm?newsid=19383118&BRD=2737&PAG=461&dept_id=576361&rfi=8</ref>

*Censorship of [[conservative]] [[talk radio]] via the [[Fairness Doctrine]].

*Censorship of [[conservative]] [[talk radio]] via the [[Fairness Doctrine]]

 

*[[Internet censorship]] employed by a country, which can include such things as the filtering of anti-government sites in [[China]] or the censoring of [[women's rights]] or anti-[[Islam]] sites in [[Middle East]]ern countries

*[[Internet censorship]] employed by a country, which can include such things as the filtering of anti-government sites in [[China]] or the censoring of [[women's rights]] or anti-[[Islam]] sites in [[Middle East]]ern countries

*Schools banning or using [[placement bias]] to keep students from books such as the [[Bible]], or books critical of the [[theory of evolution]].

*Schools banning or using [[placement bias]] to keep students from books such as the [[Bible]], or books critical of the [[theory of evolution]].

==The First Amendment and censorship in the U. S.==

==The First Amendment and censorship in the U. S.==

In the United States, the [[First Amendment]] states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Broadly speaking, the First Amendment is designed to prevent the government from exercising censorship.  However, the government sometimes censors political and religious speech anyway.

In the United States, the [[First Amendment]] states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Broadly speaking, the First Amendment is designed to prevent the government from exercising censorship.  However, the government sometimes censors political and religious speech anyway, based on ideological grounds.

More specifically, the government should not exercise "prior restraint." That is, a citizen should not need advance permission from the government in order to publish something, unless it threatens [[national security]]. This does not mean that publication may not have consequences: a citizen can be sued for publishing [[libel]], or incarcerated for disclosing military secrets, but the consequences typically occur ''after'' publication, not before.

More specifically, the government should not exercise "prior restraint." That is, a citizen should not need advance permission from the government in order to publish something, unless it threatens [[national security]]. This does not mean that publication may not have consequences: a citizen can be sued for publishing [[libel]], or incarcerated for disclosing military secrets, but the consequences typically occur ''after'' publication, not before.

Censorship may also be directed at religious ideas, as in the Saudi Arabian prohibition on preaching Christianity, liberal restrictions on public expressions of religion, or the Roman Catholic Church's now-rescinded ''Index Librorum Prohibitorum''.

Censorship may also be directed at religious ideas, as in the Saudi Arabian prohibition on preaching Christianity, liberal restrictions on public expressions of religion, or the Roman Catholic Church's now-rescinded ''Index Librorum Prohibitorum''.

Certain language and images that may have been censored in the past are typically common fare in the American media today. On the other hand, while nudity, for example, may be acceptable on mainstream French television, that is much less likely to be accepted in American television and even less acceptable in conservative Muslim countries.

Certain language and images that may have been censored in the past are typically common fare in the American media today. On the other hand, while nudity, for example, may be acceptable on mainstream French television, that is much less likely to be accepted on American television and even less acceptable in Islamic countries.

== Quotes ==

== Quotes ==