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An '''emperor''' is the male leader of an [[empire]]. '''Empress''' is the feminine form and can refer to a woman who holds the rank of emperor (empress [[regnant]]), a [[wife]] of an emperor (empress [[consort]]), or a [[widow]] of an emperor (empress [[dowager]]). Emperor is the highest temporal title there is, outranking even [[king]]. The only emperor in the world today is Emperor [[Akihito]] of [[Japan]].  However, at the beginning of the [[20th century]], other countries had emperors, including [[Austria-Hungary]], [[China]], [[Germany]], the [[Ottoman Empire]], and [[Russia]].

An '''emperor''' is the male leader of an [[empire]]. '''Empress''' is the feminine form and can refer to a woman who holds the rank of emperor (empress [[regnant]]), a [[wife]] of an emperor (empress [[consort]]), or a [[widow]] of an emperor (empress [[dowager]]). Emperor is the highest temporal title there is, outranking even [[king]]. The only emperor in the world today is Emperor [[Akihito]] of [[Japan]].  However, at the beginning of the [[20th century]], other countries had emperors, including [[Austria-Hungary]], [[China]], [[Germany]], the [[Ottoman Empire]], and [[Russia]]. The term Emperor itself is of Old French origin, derived from the title of the head of state during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, ''[[Imperator]]'', which roughly meant "Commander."

Equivalent terms in other languages, sometimes used in English, include ''[[Kaiser]]'' in [[German]], ''[[Tsar]]'' (царь) in [[Russian language|Russian]], ''[[Kōtei]]'' (皇帝) in [[Chinese]] (which is itself a reference to the Yellow Emperor of Chinese mytho-historical tales), and ''[[Tennō]]'' (天皇) in [[Japanese]]. Although some of the titles, such as the German and Russian versions of Emperor, were named after Caesar, others, such as the Chinese and Japanese titles, had no such basis.

Equivalent terms in other languages, sometimes used in English, include ''[[Kaiser]]'' in [[German]], ''[[Tsar]]'' (царь) in [[Russian language|Russian]], ''[[Kōtei]]'' (皇帝) in [[Chinese]] (which is itself a reference to the Yellow Emperor of Chinese mytho-historical tales), and ''[[Tennō]]'' (天皇) in [[Japanese]]. Although some of the titles, such as the German and Russian versions of Emperor, were named after Caesar, others, such as the Chinese and Japanese titles, had no such basis.