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→Europe
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| align=center| [[Romuald Traugutt]] || align=center| [[Poland]] || align=center|1863–1864 || <small>Held official title of dictator for one year. Succeeded [[Marian Langiewicz]] who had declared himself dictator previously, but only lasted less than a year in 1863. </small>
| align=center| [[Romuald Traugutt]] || align=center| [[Poland]] || align=center|1863–1864 || <small>Held official title of dictator for one year. Succeeded [[Marian Langiewicz]] who had declared himself dictator previously, but only lasted less than a year in 1863. </small>
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| align=center| [[Abdul Hamid II]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1876-1909 || <small>34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who exert effective despotic control over the fracturing state. He was abolished the constitutional regime in 1878, and established an oppressive regime. The dissidents were imprisoned or exiled through agents. Newspapers, magazines and books were censored.</small>
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| align=center| "[[Three Pashas]]" || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1913-1918 || <small>[[Enver Pasha]] (Enver Paşa), [[Talaat Pasha]] (Talat Paşa), and [[Djemal Pasha]] (Cemal Paşa). They made a coup on the worsening of the First Balkan War and took over the administration.
</small>
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| align=center| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1917-1924 || <small>Head of Bolshevik Revolution took power in 1917. Secured victory in the Russian civil war. Headed effort to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml] </small>
| align=center| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1917-1924 || <small>Head of Bolshevik Revolution took power in 1917. Secured victory in the Russian civil war. Headed effort to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml] </small>
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| align=center|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || align=center|[[Turkey]] || align=center|1918-1938 || <small>Led the Turkish national movement. Transformed Turkey into a secular republic through broad authoritarian reforms.</small>
| align=center| [[Benito Mussolini]] || align=center| [[Italy]] || align=center|1922–1943, and in part of the country 1943-1945 ||<small> Prime Minister of Italy 1922-1943; head of the so-called [[Italian Social Republic]] until 1945. "He introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties" (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:0PFM13qC39YJ:www.ablongman.com/history_rh_bridge/assets/0321025865_ch15.pdf+%22Italian+dictator+Benito+Mussolini%22],[http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/greenwood.jsp?doi=10.1336/0275979377]).</small>
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| align=center| [[Benito Mussolini]] || align=center| [[Italy]] || align=center|1922–1943, and in part of the country 1943-1945 ||<small> Prime Minister of Italy 1922-1943; head of the so-called [[Italian Social Republic]] until 1945. "He introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties" (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:0PFM13qC39YJ:www.ablongman.com/history_rh_bridge/assets/0321025865_ch15.pdf+%22Italian+dictator+Benito+Mussolini%22],[http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/greenwood.jsp?doi=10.1336/0275979377]).</small>
| align=center|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center|1923-1938 || <small>President of Turkey 1923-1938. Led the Turkish national movement. Transformed Turkey into a secular republic through broad authoritarian reforms.</small>
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| align=center| [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] || align=center| [[Spain]] || align=center|1923–1930 ||<small> Prime Minister of Spain. Gained power in a coup; suspended the constitution; established martial law; imposed strict censorship; banned all political parties. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061388], [http://www.bartleby.com/65/pr/PrimRivM.html], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565186/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html]). </small>
| align=center| [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] || align=center| [[Spain]] || align=center|1923–1930 ||<small> Prime Minister of Spain. Gained power in a coup; suspended the constitution; established martial law; imposed strict censorship; banned all political parties. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061388], [http://www.bartleby.com/65/pr/PrimRivM.html], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565186/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html]). </small>
| align=center| [[Phaedon Gizikis]] || align=center| [[Greece]] || align=center|1973-1974 || <small>President of Greece 1973-1974. Gained power in coup. Lead military regime installed by previous head of state.</small>
| align=center| [[Phaedon Gizikis]] || align=center| [[Greece]] || align=center|1973-1974 || <small>President of Greece 1973-1974. Gained power in coup. Lead military regime installed by previous head of state.</small>
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| align=center| [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] || align=center|Poland || align=center|1981-1990 ||<small> Imposed martial law in Poland in 1981 in response to Solidarity party led strikes. Made himself head of the "Commission for National Salvation." Stated his actions were taken in order to prevent a Soviet invasion of Poland. Was President of Poland until his resignation in 1990. </small>
| align=center| [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] || align=center|Poland || align=center|1981-1990 ||<small> Imposed martial law in Poland in 1981 in response to Solidarity party led strikes. Made himself head of the "Commission for National Salvation." Stated his actions were taken in order to prevent a Soviet invasion of Poland. Was President of Poland until his resignation in 1990. </small>
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| align=center| [[Yuri Andropov]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1982-1984 || <small>General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1982-1984. Early signs of [[Perestroika]] and [[Glasnost]].</small>
| align=center| [[Yuri Andropov]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1982-1984 || <small>General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1982-1984. Early signs of [[Perestroika]] and [[Glasnost]].</small>
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| align=center| [[Alexander Lukashenko]] || align=center| [[Belarus]] || align=center| '''1994–present''' || <small> President of Belarus. Said to have an "authoritarian ruling style". Lack of democratic standards. Human rights violations. Referred to as "Europe's last dictatorship."</small>
| align=center| [[Alexander Lukashenko]] || align=center| [[Belarus]] || align=center| '''1994–present''' || <small> President of Belarus. Said to have an "authoritarian ruling style". Lack of democratic standards. Human rights violations. Referred to as "Europe's last dictatorship."</small>
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| align=center| [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center| '''2003–present''' || <small> President of Turkey. His crackdowns on protests, restrictions on the media, banning of public websites, purging of prosecutors looking to investigate him, and general curbing of civil liberties follow the path of a typical autocrat, but he still has to run for election and he has dozens of sections in government that oppose him and has amassed hatred from more than half of his own people.</small>
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