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List of dictators (view source)

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|align=center|[[José Eduardo dos Santos]] ||align=center| [[Angola]] ||align=center| '''1979–present''' || President of Angola. One-party state; did not stand for election until 1992 (see [http://www.cpj.org/Briefings/2000/Angola_Marques_00/Angola_Marques_00.html]).

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|align=center|[[João Bernardo Vieira]] ||align=center| [[Guinea-Bissau]] ||align=center| ~~1980-1984~~ (dictator) ~~2005-2009~~ (democratically elected) || become president by a coup. killing and exiled opposition. faoumes for the [[Guinea-Bissau Civil War]].

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|align=center|[[João Bernardo Vieira]] ||align=center| [[Guinea-Bissau]] ||align=center| 1980–1984 (dictator) 2005–2009 (democratically elected) || become president by a coup. killing and exiled opposition. faoumes for the [[Guinea-Bissau Civil War]].

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|align=center|[[Samuel K. Doe]] ||align=center| [[Liberia]] ||align=center| 1980–1990 || Chairman of the People's Redemption Council 1980-1984; President of Liberia 1984-1990. Gained power in a military coup that killed President [[William R. Tolbert, Jr.]], a [[Reform movement|reformer]]. Promoted [[Krahn]] chauvinism and "died a multi-millionaire and proud owner of mansions and estates" (see [http://www.theperspective.org/2004/oct/bookpeople.html]).

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Gained power through election, and repeatedly re-elected, but criticized for steps used to maintain power. From 1999 on, used police and militant groups like the War Veterans Association and [[Border Gezi Youth]] to enforce [[ZANU-PF]] policies and to prevent opponents from voting; called "king" by his aides.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1709488.stm] Arrested and tortured opponents and human rights activists; gave amnesty to murderers of his political opponents in 2000; ignores court rulings.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,7792,410850,00.html]

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|align=center|[[Jerry Rawlings]] ||align=center| [[Ghana]] ||align=center| ~~1981-1992~~ || Gained power in a military coup during 1979 but handed it over. Re-took power in another coup of 1981. Elected President in 1992 and again in 1996 before standing aside as per the constitution.

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|align=center|[[Jerry Rawlings]] ||align=center| [[Ghana]] ||align=center| 1981–1992 || Gained power in a military coup during 1979 but handed it over. Re-took power in another coup of 1981. Elected President in 1992 and again in 1996 before standing aside as per the constitution.

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|align=center|[[André Kolingba]] ||align=center| [[Central African Republic]] ||align=center| 1981–1993 || Chairman of the Military Committee of National Recovery 1981-1985; President of the Central African Republic 1985-1993. Gained power in a coup; persecuted opposition; allowed (and lost) free elections in 1993. Attempted second coup in 2001.

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|align=center|[[Hissène Habré]] ||align=center| [[Chad]] ||align=center| 1982–1990 || Chairman of the Council of State 1982; President of Chad 1982-1990. Gained power in a coup; abolished post of Prime Minister; executed opposition leaders.

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|align=center|[[Thomas Sankara]] ||align=center| [[Burkina Faso]] ||align=center| ~~1983-1987~~ || President of Upper Volta 1983-1984; President of Burkina Faso 1984-1987. Gained power in coup. Lead military regime. Overthrown and killed in coup.

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|align=center|[[Thomas Sankara]] ||align=center| [[Burkina Faso]] ||align=center| 1983–1987 || President of Upper Volta 1983-1984; President of Burkina Faso 1984-1987. Gained power in coup. Lead military regime. Overthrown and killed in coup.

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|align=center|[[Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya]] ||align=center| [[Mauritania]] ||align=center| 1984–2005 || Deposed the military head of state, [[Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla]], on December 1984 and declared himself Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation. Deposed by [[Ely Ould Mohamed Vall]] in a bloodless coup d'état.

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|align=center|[[Ibrahim Babangida]] ||align=center| [[Nigeria]] ||align=center| ~~1985-1993~~ || Annulled the most free and fair presidential election in the history of Nigeria, leading to the death of the presidenstial candidate [[Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola]].

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|align=center|[[Ibrahim Babangida]] ||align=center| [[Nigeria]] ||align=center| 1985–1993 || Annulled the most free and fair presidential election in the history of Nigeria, leading to the death of the presidenstial candidate [[Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola]].

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|align=center|[[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] ||align=center| [[Tunisia]] ||align=center| 1987–2011 || President of Tunisia. Although he announced [[Pluralism#Plualism in politics|political pluralism]] in 1992, his Democratic Constitutional Rally (formerly Neo-Destour party) continues to dominate the national politics and there is no genuine open political debate. In 1999, although two unknown alternative candidates were permitted for the first time to stand in the presidential elections, Ben Ali was re-elected with 99.66% of the vote. A controversial constitutional referendum in 2002 allowed him to seek re-election and contemplate the possibility of remaining in office until 2014. On October 24, 2004, he was again re-elected, officially taking 94.48% of the vote. Certain books, periodicals and internet sites are banned or blocked. The [http://www.tunisiatv.com National Television] frequently show his actions during a week, but often the President only appears in passing on television. In 2011 he was forced from power after mass protests.

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|align=center|[[François Bozizé]] ||align=center| [[Central African Republic]] ||align=center| 2003–2013 || President of the Central African Republic 2003 to date. Gained power in a coup and suspended the constitution, though he has restored some democracy (see [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/02/28/1456242]).

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|align=center|[[Ely Ould Mohamed Vall]] ||align=center| [[Mauritania]] ||align=center| ~~2005-2007~~ || Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy. Gained power via a military coup. Though he has said to relinquish power to an elected government in 2007.

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|align=center|[[Ely Ould Mohamed Vall]] ||align=center| [[Mauritania]] ||align=center| 2005–2007 || Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy. Gained power via a military coup. Though he has said to relinquish power to an elected government in 2007.

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|align=center|[[Michael Sata]] ||align=center| [[Zambia]] ||align=center| 2011–2014 || Elected President of Zambia. Sata shut down the opposition and maintains relationships with [[Robert Mugabe]].

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! Name !! Country !! Years in power !! Notes

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| align=center|[[Agustín de Iturbide]] || align=center|[[Mexico]] || align=center|~~1822 - 1823 ~~ || Shortly after the Mexican War of Independence, he was declared Emperor of Mexico in 1822. Repressive, cracked down on free speech and any opposition. Desposed when popular opposition forced him to abdicate.

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| align=center|[[Agustín de Iturbide]] || align=center|[[Mexico]] || align=center|1822–1823 || Shortly after the Mexican War of Independence, he was declared Emperor of Mexico in 1822. Repressive, cracked down on free speech and any opposition. Desposed when popular opposition forced him to abdicate.

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| align=center|[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || align=center|[[Mexico]] || align=center|~~1833 - 1855~~ (intermittent) || President or Provisional President of Mexico 1833-1837, then 1841 to February 1844, June to December 1844, March to September 1847 and finally 1853-1855. When [[Anastasio Bustamante]] led a coup overthrowing and killing President [[Vicente Guerrero]], Santa Anna seized power and then was elected President in 1833. At first he gave a free hand to his vice-president [[Valentín Gómez Farías]], a liberal reformer. Later he dismissed Gómez Farías, declared the Constitution suspended, disbanded the Congress and worked to concentrate power in the central government. He was overthrown and restored to power several times before his final overthrow in 1855.

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| align=center|[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || align=center|[[Mexico]] || align=center|1833–1855 (intermittent) || President or Provisional President of Mexico 1833-1837, then 1841 to February 1844, June to December 1844, March to September 1847 and finally 1853-1855. When [[Anastasio Bustamante]] led a coup overthrowing and killing President [[Vicente Guerrero]], Santa Anna seized power and then was elected President in 1833. At first he gave a free hand to his vice-president [[Valentín Gómez Farías]], a liberal reformer. Later he dismissed Gómez Farías, declared the Constitution suspended, disbanded the Congress and worked to concentrate power in the central government. He was overthrown and restored to power several times before his final overthrow in 1855.

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| align=center|[[Porfirio Díaz]] || align=center|[[Mexico]] || align=center|~~1879 - 1910~~ || Interim president 1876-1877; President of Mexico 1877-1880, 1884-1911. ''De facto'' ruler 1880-1884. Gained power in a coup, after his Revolution of Tuxtepac overthrew his predecessor, Lerdo. He did not run for reelection after his first term in order to keep his one-term promises that he made during his revolution. However, he retook the presidency a few years later and did not leave from power until the [[Mexican Revolution|Revolution of 1910]] kicked him from the Presidency. His rule saw the rapid modernization of Mexico, progress mainly caused by Diaz's encouragement of foreign investment in the country's infrastructure. However, the poor became quite miserable during this time. Political opposition was squelched and rebellions were put down by the ''rurals'', Diaz's personal guard. He was eventually overthrown by the [[Mexican Revolution|Revolution]] which lasted 10 years.

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| align=center|[[Porfirio Díaz]] || align=center|[[Mexico]] || align=center|1879–1910 || Interim president 1876-1877; President of Mexico 1877-1880, 1884-1911. ''De facto'' ruler 1880-1884. Gained power in a coup, after his Revolution of Tuxtepac overthrew his predecessor, Lerdo. He did not run for reelection after his first term in order to keep his one-term promises that he made during his revolution. However, he retook the presidency a few years later and did not leave from power until the [[Mexican Revolution|Revolution of 1910]] kicked him from the Presidency. His rule saw the rapid modernization of Mexico, progress mainly caused by Diaz's encouragement of foreign investment in the country's infrastructure. However, the poor became quite miserable during this time. Political opposition was squelched and rebellions were put down by the ''rurals'', Diaz's personal guard. He was eventually overthrown by the [[Mexican Revolution|Revolution]] which lasted 10 years.

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| align=center|[[Victoriano Huerta]] || align=center|Mexico || align=center|~~1913 - 1914 ~~ || Appointed president, established a military dictatorship for about a year, and then was forced to resign.

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| align=center|[[Victoriano Huerta]] || align=center|Mexico || align=center|1913–1914 || Appointed president, established a military dictatorship for about a year, and then was forced to resign.

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| align=center|[[Rafael Carrera]] || align=center|[[Guatemala]] || align=center|1844–1848 1851–1865 || President of Guatemala. Gained power in a coup; styled himself [[President for Life]].

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|align=center|[[William Walker]] ||align=center| [[Nicaragua]] ||align=center| ~~1856-1857~~ || An American fillibuster takes over and proclaims himself President of Nicaragua. Tried to conquer several Central American countries. Eventually executed.

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|align=center|[[William Walker]] ||align=center| [[Nicaragua]] ||align=center| 1856–1857 || An American fillibuster takes over and proclaims himself President of Nicaragua. Tried to conquer several Central American countries. Eventually executed.

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| align=center|[[Justo Rufino Barrios]] || align=center|[[Guatemala]] || align=center|1873–1885 || President of Guatemala. Gained power in a bloody coup, but introduced reforms.

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| align=center|[[Omar Torrijos]] || align=center|[[Panama]] || align=center|1968–1981 || Commander of the National Guard. Gained power in a coup; banned opposition, unions and free press.

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| align=center|[[Daniel Ortega]] || align=center|[[Nicaragua]] || align=center|~~1979-1990~~ '''2006–present''' || Came in power by a coup, with his Leftist [[Sandinista]]s. Hold false elections.

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| align=center|[[Daniel Ortega]] || align=center|[[Nicaragua]] || align=center|1979–1990 '''2006–present''' || Came in power by a coup, with his Leftist [[Sandinista]]s. Hold false elections.

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| align=center|[[Manuel Noriega]] || align=center|[[Panama]]|| align=center|1983–1989 || Commander of the National Guard and ''de facto'' military leader, widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9056130], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561240/Noriega_Moreno_Manuel_Antonio.html], [http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/8155061.htm]).

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! Name !! Country !! Years in power !! Notes

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| align=center|[[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]] || align=center|[[Paraguay]] || align=center|~~1813-1814~~ and ~~1814-1840~~ ||gained power in election. Outlawed all opposition. Installed a police state. Cult of personality; citizens forced to raise their hats or a brim when he passed by; styled himself with the position name "El Supremo".

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| align=center|[[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]] || align=center|[[Paraguay]] || align=center|1813–1814 and 1814–1840 ||gained power in election. Outlawed all opposition. Installed a police state. Cult of personality; citizens forced to raise their hats or a brim when he passed by; styled himself with the position name "El Supremo".

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| align=center| [[Simón Bolívar]] || align=center| [[Gran Columbia]] || align=center| ~~1821-1830~~ || Though an admirer of classical liberal democracy, the founder and president of Gran Colombia proclaimed himself dictator in 1828 after an unsuccessful constitutional convention. Resigned eighteen months later.

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| align=center| [[Simón Bolívar]] || align=center| [[Gran Columbia]] || align=center| 1821–1830 || Though an admirer of classical liberal democracy, the founder and president of Gran Colombia proclaimed himself dictator in 1828 after an unsuccessful constitutional convention. Resigned eighteen months later.

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| align=center|[[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] || align=center|[[Argentina]] || align=center|1835–1852 || Governor of Buenos Aires 1829-1832, 1835-1852; Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation 1851-1852. Assumed dictatorial powers; exiled opponents.

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| align=center|[[Óscar Benavides]] || align=center|[[Peru]] || align=center|1914–1915 1933–1939 || Junta Chairman 1914; President of Peru 1914-1915, 1933-1939. Twice gained power by coup.

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| align=center|[[Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo|Augusto Leguía]] || align=center|[[Peru]] || 1919–1930 || President of Peru. Gained power in a coup; ignored constitution; suppressed and exiled opposition.

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| align=center|[[Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo|Augusto Leguía]] || align=center|[[Peru]] || align=center|1919–1930 || President of Peru. Gained power in a coup; ignored constitution; suppressed and exiled opposition.

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| align=center|[[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]] || align=center|[[Chile]] || align=center|1927–1931 || Acting President 1927, President 1927 - 1931. Democratically elected to a six-year term in 1952.

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| align=center|[[Augusto Pinochet]] || align=center|[[Chile]] || align=center|1973–1990 || Chairman of military junta 1973-1974; Supreme Head of the Nation 1974; President of Chile 1974-1990. Gained power in a coup; suppressed and exiled opposition; over 3000 "[[Forced disappearance|disappearances]]" and 28,000 tortured.

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| align=center|[[Ernesto Geisel]] || align=center|Brazil || align=center|~~1974-1979~~ || Congress-appointed President of Brazil. The fourth of the military dictators; party and union freedom were still inexistent during his term; had oppositionists like journalist [[Wladimir Herzog]] and factory worker [[Manoel Fiel Filho]] tortured and murdered.

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| align=center|[[Ernesto Geisel]] || align=center|Brazil || align=center|1974–1979 || Congress-appointed President of Brazil. The fourth of the military dictators; party and union freedom were still inexistent during his term; had oppositionists like journalist [[Wladimir Herzog]] and factory worker [[Manoel Fiel Filho]] tortured and murdered.

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| align=center|[[Jorge Rafael Videla]] || align=center|[[Argentina]] || align=center|1976–1981 || President of Argentina. Gained power in a coup; never elected; between ten and thirty thousand opponents killed.

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| align=center|[[João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo]] || align=center|Brazil || align=center|~~1979-1985~~ || Congress-appointed President of Brazil. Society won some democratic measures these years, but there was still a major fraud during 1982 State government elections. His government was responsible for the 1983 bomb in the Riocentro.

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| align=center|[[João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo]] || align=center|Brazil || align=center|1979–1985 || Congress-appointed President of Brazil. Society won some democratic measures these years, but there was still a major fraud during 1982 State government elections. His government was responsible for the 1983 bomb in the Riocentro.

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| align=center|[[Dési Bouterse]] || align=center|[[Suriname]] || align=center|1980–1988 || Chairman of the National Military Council 1980-1988. Gained power in a coup; never elected; widespread misrule. Most infamous atrocity is the ''[[Decembermoorden]]''.

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| align=center|[[Leopoldo Galtieri]] || align=center|[[Argentina]] || align=center|1981–1982 || President of Argentina 1981-1982. Gained power in a coup (see [http://www.guardian.co.uk/argentina/story/0,,873601,00.html], [http://english.pravda.ru/world/2003/01/14/41968.html]). Deposed after failed [[Falklands War|invasion of the Falkland Islands]] in 1982.

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|align=center| [[Alberto Fujimori]] || align=center|Peru || align=center|~~1992-1993~~ || President of Peru 1990-2000, widely critizised for his political authoritarism. [http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol5/v5n34peru_body.html][http://www.aprodeh.org.pe/fujimori/delitos-eng.htm] [http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ingles/pagina01.php]. After enjoying a certain degree of popular support, Fujimori was forced from office following controversial third term re-election [http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/05/29/peru.elections.04/]. In 2000 political opponent Mario Vargas Llosa called Fujimori a "dictator" [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/741841.stm]. His government was also marked by the influence of the director of the SIN, [[Vladimiro Montesinos]] [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00165.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=goop][http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB37/]. Currently in Peru, Fujimori is in trial for presumed charges ranging from corruption to participation in crimes against humanity. [http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/americas/peru-qna-1030.htm].

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|align=center| [[Alberto Fujimori]] || align=center|Peru || align=center|1992–1993 || President of Peru 1990-2000, widely critizised for his political authoritarism. [http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol5/v5n34peru_body.html][http://www.aprodeh.org.pe/fujimori/delitos-eng.htm] [http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ingles/pagina01.php]. After enjoying a certain degree of popular support, Fujimori was forced from office following controversial third term re-election [http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/05/29/peru.elections.04/]. In 2000 political opponent Mario Vargas Llosa called Fujimori a "dictator" [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/741841.stm]. His government was also marked by the influence of the director of the SIN, [[Vladimiro Montesinos]] [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00165.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=goop][http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB37/]. Currently in Peru, Fujimori is in trial for presumed charges ranging from corruption to participation in crimes against humanity. [http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/americas/peru-qna-1030.htm].

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|align=center|[[Hugo Chávez]] ||align=center| [[Venezuela]] ||align=center|~~1999-2013~~ || Appointed special powers, nationalized the media and oil companies,Shut down opposition media and banned "The Simpsons."

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|align=center|[[Hugo Chávez]] ||align=center| [[Venezuela]] ||align=center|1999–2013 || Appointed special powers, nationalized the media and oil companies,Shut down opposition media and banned "The Simpsons."

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! Name !! Country !! Years in power !! Notes

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| align=center|[[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] || align=center|[[Haiti]] || align=center|~~1804-1806~~ || Governor-General of Haiti 1804; Emperor of Haiti (as Jacques I) 1804 - 1806. Ruled autocratically.

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| align=center|[[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] || align=center|[[Haiti]] || align=center|1804–1806 || Governor-General of Haiti 1804; Emperor of Haiti (as Jacques I) 1804 - 1806. Ruled autocratically.

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| align=center|[[Henry Christophe]] || align=center|[[Haiti]] (northern)|| align=center|~~1806-1820~~ || Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government 1806-1807; President of Haiti 1807-1811; King of Haiti (as Henry I) 1811-1820. Ruled autocratically.

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| align=center|[[Henry Christophe]] || align=center|[[Haiti]] (northern)|| align=center|1806–1820 || Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government 1806-1807; President of Haiti 1807-1811; King of Haiti (as Henry I) 1811-1820. Ruled autocratically.

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| align=center|[[Pedro Santana]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|~~1844-1848~~, ~~1853-1856~~, ~~1858-1861~~ || Never elected; suppressed opposition; widely considered a dictator.

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| align=center|[[Pedro Santana]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|1844–1848, 1853–1856, 1858–1861 || Never elected; suppressed opposition; widely considered a dictator.

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| align=center|[[Buenaventura Báez]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|~~1849-1878~~ (intermittent) || President of the Dominican Republic five times. Gained power following coups; never elected.

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| align=center|[[Buenaventura Báez]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|1849–1878 (intermittent) || President of the Dominican Republic five times. Gained power following coups; never elected.

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| align=center|[[Ulises Heureaux]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|~~1882-1899~~ (intermittent) || President of the Dominican Republic three times. Never elected; widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.marcusgarvey.com/wmview.php?ArtID=507], [http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/8.htm], [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2004.00452.x]).

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| align=center|[[Ulises Heureaux]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|1882–1899 (intermittent) || President of the Dominican Republic three times. Never elected; widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.marcusgarvey.com/wmview.php?ArtID=507], [http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/8.htm], [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2004.00452.x]).

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| align=center|[[Gerardo Machado]] || align=center|[[Cuba]] || align=center|~~1925-1933~~ || President of Cuba. A follower of [[Benito Mussolini]], he is widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=672], [http://www.highbeam.com/ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:MachadoG]).

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| align=center|[[Gerardo Machado]] || align=center|[[Cuba]] || align=center|1925–1933 || President of Cuba. A follower of [[Benito Mussolini]], he is widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=672], [http://www.highbeam.com/ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:MachadoG]).

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| align=center|[[Rafael Trujillo]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|~~1930-1961~~ || President of the Dominican Republic 1930 - 1938, 1942 - 1952; ''de facto'' ruler 1930-1961. Gained power in a coup; cult of personality (renamed the capital [[Ciudad Trujillo]]); promoted racism against Haitians and ordered the massacre of 20,000 blacks.

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| align=center|[[Rafael Trujillo]] || align=center|[[Dominican Republic]] || align=center|1930–1961 || President of the Dominican Republic 1930 - 1938, 1942 - 1952; ''de facto'' ruler 1930-1961. Gained power in a coup; cult of personality (renamed the capital [[Ciudad Trujillo]]); promoted racism against Haitians and ordered the massacre of 20,000 blacks.

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| align=center|[[Paul Magloire]] || align=center|[[Haiti]] || align=center|~~1950-1956~~ || President of Haiti. Gained power in a coup; never elected.

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| align=center|[[Paul Magloire]] || align=center|[[Haiti]] || align=center|1950–1956 || President of Haiti. Gained power in a coup; never elected.

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| align=center|[[François Duvalier]] || align=center|Haiti || align=center|~~1957-1971~~ || President of Haiti. Elected in 1957, but banned opposition; declared himself [[President for Life]] in 1964; highly repressive.

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| align=center|[[François Duvalier]] || align=center|Haiti || align=center|1957–1971 || President of Haiti. Elected in 1957, but banned opposition; declared himself [[President for Life]] in 1964; highly repressive.

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| align=center|[[Fidel Castro]] || align=center|[[Cuba]] || align=center|~~1959-2006~~ || Prime Minister of Cuba 1959-1976; President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers from 1976. Gained power after [[Cuban Revolution|revolution]]. Castro was elected President [[Elections in Cuba|after 1976]], but within a one-party [[Communist state]]. Retired due to his poor health.

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| align=center|[[Fidel Castro]] || align=center|[[Cuba]] || align=center|1959–2006 || Prime Minister of Cuba 1959-1976; President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers from 1976. Gained power after [[Cuban Revolution|revolution]]. Castro was elected President [[Elections in Cuba|after 1976]], but within a one-party [[Communist state]]. Retired due to his poor health.

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| align=center|[[Jean-Claude Duvalier]] || align=center|Haiti || align=center|~~1971-1986~~ || President of Haiti. Inherited presidency aged 19 from his father; never elected.

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| align=center|[[Jean-Claude Duvalier]] || align=center|Haiti || align=center|1971–1986 || President of Haiti. Inherited presidency aged 19 from his father; never elected.

|-

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| align=center|[[Eric Gairy]] || align=center|[[Grenada]] || align=center|~~1974-1979~~ || Prime Minister of Grenada 1967-1979. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.factbites.com/topics/Eric-Gairy], [http://www.paradise-inn-carriacou.com/grenada_revolution.php], [http://counterpunch.org/gibson06052004.html]).

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| align=center|[[Eric Gairy]] || align=center|[[Grenada]] || align=center|1974–1979 || Prime Minister of Grenada 1967-1979. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.factbites.com/topics/Eric-Gairy], [http://www.paradise-inn-carriacou.com/grenada_revolution.php], [http://counterpunch.org/gibson06052004.html]).

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| align=center|[[Raoul Cédras]] || align=center|Haiti || align=center|~~1991-1994~~ || ''De facto'' ruler for a relatively short period of time. Gained power in a coup (see [http://www.haitisupport.gn.apc.org/infamous.htm]).

+

| align=center|[[Raoul Cédras]] || align=center|Haiti || align=center|1991–1994 || ''De facto'' ruler for a relatively short period of time. Gained power in a coup (see [http://www.haitisupport.gn.apc.org/infamous.htm]).

|-

|align=center|[[Raul Castro]] ||align=center| [[Cuba]] ||align=center|'''2006–present''' || Appointed successor by his brother of the Communist Party of Cuba.

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! Name !! Country !! Years in   power !! Notes

|-

−

|align=center|[[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] || align=center|[[Japan]] || align=center|~~1600-1616~~ || Shogun of [[Japan]] and founder of the long reigning [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. Gained power by unifying the warring clans during [[Japan]]'s long period of civil unrest. He also created an "alternate attendance" system to pacify the [[daimyo]] warlords, as well as closing and isolating trade and the economy, in order to retain his power. His rule was also marked by persecution of European missionaries and Japanese Christians.

+

|align=center|[[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] || align=center|[[Japan]] || align=center|1600–1616 || Shogun of [[Japan]] and founder of the long reigning [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. Gained power by unifying the warring clans during [[Japan]]'s long period of civil unrest. He also created an "alternate attendance" system to pacify the [[daimyo]] warlords, as well as closing and isolating trade and the economy, in order to retain his power. His rule was also marked by persecution of European missionaries and Japanese Christians.

|-

|align=center|[[Yuan Shikai]] || align=center|[[Republic of China]] || align=center|1912–1916 || [[President of the Republic of China]], self-proclaimed [[Emperor of China]], 1916. Ignored legislative consent as defined by the [[Constitution of the Republic of China|Constitution]]; dissolved the [[National Assembly of the Republic of China|National Assembly]]; assassinated [[Song Jiaoren]]; disbanded the [[Kuomintang]].

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| align=center|[[Kim Il-sung]] || align=center|[[North Korea]] || align=center|1948–1994 || Appointed prime minister in 1948; purged rivals in the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] to consolidate power in 1956 (see [http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/korean_studies/v026/26.1lankov.pdf]); introduced "[[Juche]]" ideology demanding absolute loyalty to him and the party; created most pervavise cult of personality in recent history. Declared "Eternal President" on his death.

|-

−

|align=center|[[Ho Chi Minh]] ||align=center| [[North Vietnam]] ||align=center|~~1945-1969~~ || Unelected; killed thousands of political rivals in the 1940s; killed tens of thousands more during the land reforms of the 1950s; presided over a one-party state.

+

|align=center|[[Ho Chi Minh]] ||align=center| [[North Vietnam]] ||align=center|1945–1969 || Unelected; killed thousands of political rivals in the 1940s; killed tens of thousands more during the land reforms of the 1950s; presided over a one-party state.

|-

−

|align=center| [[Sukarno]] || align=center|[[Indonesia]] || align=center|~~1949-1966~~ ||First President of Indonesia. Consolidated his powers, and got proclaimed President for LIfe. Was overthrown by the then Dictator of Indonesia, Suharto.

+

|align=center| [[Sukarno]] || align=center|[[Indonesia]] || align=center|1949–1966 ||First President of Indonesia. Consolidated his powers, and got proclaimed President for LIfe. Was overthrown by the then Dictator of Indonesia, Suharto.

|-

|align=center|[[Mao Zedong]] || align=center|[[People's Republic of China]] || align=center|1949–1976 || Chairman of the PRC (1949–1959), Chairman of the [[Communist Party of China]] (1945–1976), Chairman of the [[Central Military Commission]] (1936–1976). Immense cult of personality; purged members of government; silenced opposition. Circumvented Communist Party hierarchy after the 1966 [[Cultural Revolution]]; imprisoned head of state [[Liu Shaoqi]]. Millions of Chinese citizens killed or murdered as a result of his policies and repression. Militant atheist.

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| align=center|[[Chun Doo Hwan]] || align=center|[[South Korea]] || align=center|1980–1988 || Gained power in a coup; declared martial law; oversaw [[Gwangju Massacre]].

|-

−

|align=center|[[Mahathir bin Mohamad]] ||align=center| [[Malaysia]] ||align=center|~~1981-2003~~ || Authoritarian; suppressed opposition, media.

+

|align=center|[[Mahathir bin Mohamad]] ||align=center| [[Malaysia]] ||align=center|1981–2003 || Authoritarian; suppressed opposition, media.

|-

| align=center|[[Khamtai Siphandon]] || align=center|[[Laos]] || align=center|1992–2006 || Unelected; one-party state (see [http://www.arthuredelstein.org/worlddictators]).

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! Name !! Country !! Years in power !! Notes

|-

−

| align=center| [[Oliver Cromwell]] || align=center| [[Commonwealth of England]] || align=center|~~1649-1658~~ || A [[Puritan]] general in the [[English Civil War]] who quickly rose through the ranks to become ''de facto'' head of the Parliamentary forces. After the Royalist defeat and the execution of [[Charles I]] the newly constituted [[Rump Parliament]] was overthrown by Cromwell who refused the Crown, choosing instead the title of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland. After his death the monarchy was reinstated. [http://www.olivercromwell.org/].

+

| align=center| [[Selim I]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1512–1520 || 9th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute. He became ruler by dropping his father Bayezid II from the throne. In 1517, he usurped the caliphate from the Mamluk Sultanate.

+

|-

+

| align=center| [[Oliver Cromwell]] || align=center| [[Commonwealth of England]] || align=center|1649–1658 || A [[Puritan]] general in the [[English Civil War]] who quickly rose through the ranks to become ''de facto'' head of the Parliamentary forces. After the Royalist defeat and the execution of [[Charles I]] the newly constituted [[Rump Parliament]] was overthrown by Cromwell who refused the Crown, choosing instead the title of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland. After his death the monarchy was reinstated. [http://www.olivercromwell.org/].

|-

| align=center| [[Maximilien Robespierre]] || align=center| [[France]] || align=center|1793–1794 || Head of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution. To purge French society of "Counter Revolutionaries", he instituted the heavily repressive Reign of Terror, a period which killed thousands of French citizens, many of those killed were simply killed under mere suspicion, with little or no proof. Desposed when the National Convention declared him an outlaw.

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| align=center| [[Romuald Traugutt]] || align=center| [[Poland]] || align=center|1863–1864 || Held official title of dictator for one year. Succeeded [[Marian Langiewicz]] who had declared himself dictator previously, but only lasted less than a year in 1863.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Abdul Hamid II]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|~~1876-1909~~ || 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who exert effective despotic control over the fracturing state. He was abolished the constitutional regime in 1878, and established an oppressive regime. The dissidents were imprisoned or exiled through agents. Newspapers, magazines and books were censored.

+

| align=center| [[Abdul Hamid II]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1876–1909 || 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who exert effective despotic control over the fracturing state. He was abolished the constitutional regime in 1878, and established an oppressive regime. The dissidents were imprisoned or exiled through agents. Newspapers, magazines and books were censored.

|-

−

| align=center| "[[Three Pashas]]" || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|~~1913-1918~~ || [[Enver Pasha]] (Enver Paşa), [[Talaat Pasha]] (Talat Paşa), and [[Djemal Pasha]] (Cemal Paşa). They made a coup on the worsening of the First Balkan War and took over the administration.

+

| align=center| "[[Three Pashas]]" || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1913–1918 || [[Enver Pasha]] (Enver Paşa), [[Talaat Pasha]] (Talat Paşa), and [[Djemal Pasha]] (Cemal Paşa). They made a coup on the worsening of the First Balkan War and took over the administration.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|~~1917-1924~~ || Head of Bolshevik Revolution took power in 1917. Secured victory in the Russian civil war. Headed effort to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml]

+

| align=center| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1917–1924 || Head of Bolshevik Revolution took power in 1917. Secured victory in the Russian civil war. Headed effort to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml]

|-

| align=center| [[Benito Mussolini]] || align=center| [[Italy]] || align=center|1922–1943, and in part of the country 1943-1945 || Prime Minister of Italy 1922-1943; head of the so-called [[Italian Social Republic]] until 1945. "He introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties" (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:0PFM13qC39YJ:www.ablongman.com/history_rh_bridge/assets/0321025865_ch15.pdf+%22Italian+dictator+Benito+Mussolini%22],[http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/greenwood.jsp?doi=10.1336/0275979377]).

|-

−

| align=center|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center|~~1923-1938~~ || Marshal and first President of Turkey. Led the Turkish national movement. Transformed Turkey into a secular republic through broad authoritarian reforms.

+

| align=center|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center|1923–1938 || Marshal and first President of Turkey. Led the Turkish national movement. Transformed Turkey into a secular republic through broad authoritarian reforms.

|-

| align=center| [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] || align=center| [[Spain]] || align=center|1923–1930 || Prime Minister of Spain. Gained power in a coup; suspended the constitution; established martial law; imposed strict censorship; banned all political parties. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061388], [http://www.bartleby.com/65/pr/PrimRivM.html], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565186/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html]).

|-

−

| align=center| [[Aleksandar Tsankov]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|~~1923-1926~~ || Established Right wing nationalist, anti communist coup against [[Stamboliyski]]’s democratic elected [[Agrarians]]. Forced out of power by Tsar [[Boris III]]. [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ts/TsankovA.html].

+

| align=center| [[Aleksandar Tsankov]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|1923–1926 || Established Right wing nationalist, anti communist coup against [[Stamboliyski]]’s democratic elected [[Agrarians]]. Forced out of power by Tsar [[Boris III]]. [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ts/TsankovA.html].

|-

| align=center| [[Joseph Stalin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1924–1953 || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1922-1953; Premier of the Soviet Union 1941-1953. Never elected; cult of personality; [[militant atheism|militant atheist]], heavily repressive; responsible for deaths of millions of Soviet citizens (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108469], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559200/Stalin_Joseph.html],[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_josephstalin.html]).

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| align=center| [[Gomes da Costa]] || align=center| [[Portugal]] || align=center|1926 || Succeeded Cabeçadas as head of the [[Ditadura Nacional]] for less than a month

|-

−

| align=center| [[António Óscar Carmona]] || align=center| [[Portugal]] || align=center|~~1926-1928~~ || Head of [[Ditadura Nacional]]

+

| align=center| [[António Óscar Carmona]] || align=center| [[Portugal]] || align=center|1926–1928 || Head of [[Ditadura Nacional]]

|-

| align=center| [[Józef Piłsudski]]|| align=center| [[Poland]] || align=center|1926–1935 || Polish Head of State 1918-1922, but regained power in 1926 via coup. Prime Minister of Poland 1926-1928 and 1930; Commander in Chief of the Army 1926-1935. Initiated authoritarian [[Sanacja]] government; often described as a "benevolent dictator".

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| align=center| [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] || align=center| [[Portugal]] || align=center|1928–1968 || Prime Minister of Portugal. Established an anti-democratic, anti-parliamentarian, ultra-[[Clericalism|clericalist]], [[Corporativism|corporativist]], extremely conservative, repressive and authoritarian dictatorship, connoted with the Italian fascism, highly supported by the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Longest right-wing dictatorship ever (four complete decades).

|-

−

| align=center| [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]] || align=center| [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|~~1929-1934~~ || King of Yugoslavia from 1921. On January 6, 1929 he abolished the constitution, prorogued parliament and established the so-called "January 6 Dictatorship." A new constitution in 1931 left all significant political power in the hands of the King.

+

| align=center| [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]] || align=center| [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|1929–1934 || King of Yugoslavia from 1921. On January 6, 1929 he abolished the constitution, prorogued parliament and established the so-called "January 6 Dictatorship." A new constitution in 1931 left all significant political power in the hands of the King.

|-

| align=center| [[Engelbert Dollfuss]] || align=center| [[Austria]] || align=center|1933–1934 || Chancellor of Austria 1932-1934. Suspended parliament indefinitely in March 1933, governing thereafter by decree. Rule sometimes compared to Mussolini or Franco (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:PUVNNLui6y4J:www3.la.psu.edu/hrsweb/majmin/Theses/Houlihan/Thesis.pdf+%22dictator%22+%22Dollfuss%22]).

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| align=center| [[Konstantin Päts]] || align=center| [[Estonia]] || align=center|1933–1940 || State Elder 1933 - 1937; State Protector 1937 - 1938; President of Estonia 1938-1940. Established authoritarian rule following a coup. Allowed (and won) election in 1938.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Adolf Hitler]] || align=center| [[~~Nazi~~ Germany]] || align=center|1933–1945 || Chancellor of Germany 1933-1945; ''Führer'' (Leader) 1934-1945. The 1933 [[Enabling Act]] suspended most of the constitution and allowed Hitler to [[rule by decree]]. Heavily repressive; ordered imprisonment of millions of political opponents and members of ethnic minorities in concentration camps, where they were abused and killed.

+

| align=center| [[Adolf Hitler]] || align=center| [[Third Reich|Germany]] || align=center|1933–1945 || Chancellor of Germany 1933-1945; ''Führer'' (Leader) 1934-1945. The 1933 [[Enabling Act]] suspended most of the constitution and allowed Hitler to [[rule by decree]]. Heavily repressive; ordered imprisonment of millions of political opponents and members of ethnic minorities in concentration camps, where they were abused and killed.

|-

| align=center| [[Kimon Georgiev]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|1934 || Took power in coup. Overthrown by Tsar Boris III.

|-

−

| align=center| ~~Tsar~~ [[Boris III]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|~~1934-1943~~ || Overthrew Kimon Geogiev. Took power him self ruled through puppet Prime Ministers Georgi Kyoseivanov. His Regime banned all opposition parties. Took Bulgaria into alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

+

| align=center| [[Boris III]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|1934–1943 || Overthrew Kimon Geogiev. Took power him self ruled through puppet Prime Ministers Georgi Kyoseivanov. His Regime banned all opposition parties. Took Bulgaria into alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

|-

| align=center| [[Kurt Schuschnigg]] || align=center| [[Austria]] || align=center|1934–1938 || Chancellor of Austria. Maintained his predecessor Dollfuss' oppressive rule.

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| align=center| [[Ion Antonescu]] || align=center| [[Romania]] || align=center|1940–1944 || Prime Minister of Romania. Two days after his appointment, forced King Carol II (see above) to abdicate in favor of his son, Mihai. Named himself ''Conducător'' (Leader), assumed dictatorial powers and relegated monarchy to decorative role.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Philippe Pétain]] || align=center| [[Vichy France]] || align=center|1940–1944 || Prime Minister of France 1940 - 1942; Head of State 1940 - 1944. The ''Assemblée Nationale'' of Vichy France suspended the [[Third Republic]] and granted Pétain dictatorial power, although ultimately he was answerable to the German Nazi hierarchy.

+

| align=center| [[Henri Petain|Philippe Pétain]] || align=center| [[Vichy France]] || align=center|1940–1944 || Prime Minister of France 1940 - 1942; Head of State 1940 - 1944. The ''Assemblée Nationale'' of Vichy France suspended the [[Third Republic]] and granted Pétain dictatorial power, although ultimately he was answerable to the German Nazi hierarchy.

|-

| align=center| [[Ante Pavelic|Ante Pavelić]] || align=center| [[Croatia]] || align=center|1941–1945 ||''Poglavnik'' ("Leader") of Croatia. Not elected; ordered massacres of Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and dissidents; hundreds of thousands slaughtered; led the genocial, devoutly Roman Catholic Ustase (see [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/tyrants.htm], [http://www.cuttingedge.org/articles/RC130.html], [http://emperors-clothes.com/vatican/cpix.htm]). Supported by most, if not all, of the Roman Catholic church in Croatia.

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| align=center| [[Josip Broz Tito]] || align=center| [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|1944–1980 || Secretary-General of the Yugoslav Communist Party 1937 - 1963; Prime Minister of Yugoslavia 1945–1953; Premier of Yugoslavia 1953 - 1963; President of Yugoslavia 1953 - 1980; President of the ''Presidium of the League of Communists'' from 1963 until 1980. Declared himself [[President for Life]] in 1963. Viewed favorably in Yugoslavia despite authoritarian rule.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Enver Hoxha]] || align=center| [[Albania]] || align=center|~~1944-1985~~ || General Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labour. Leader of single-party Communist state; extensive personality cult; Declared his nation to be the world's only officially atheist state and banned all practice of religion in 1967.

+

| align=center| [[Enver Hoxha]] || align=center| [[Albania]] || align=center|1944–1985 || General Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labour. Leader of single-party Communist state; extensive personality cult; Declared his nation to be the world's only officially atheist state and banned all practice of religion in 1967.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Mátyás Rákosi]] || align=center| [[Hungary]] || align=center|~~1949-1953~~ || General Secretary of the [[Hungarian Workers Party]] and Prime Minister of the [[Hungarian People's Republic]]. Leader of single-party Communist state; nicknamed "Stalin's best Hungarian disciple"; Invented the phrase "[[salami tactics]]" to describe piecemeal assumption of power.

+

| align=center| [[Mátyás Rákosi]] || align=center| [[Hungary]] || align=center|1949–1953 || General Secretary of the [[Hungarian Workers Party]] and Prime Minister of the [[Hungarian People's Republic]]. Leader of single-party Communist state; nicknamed "Stalin's best Hungarian disciple"; Invented the phrase "[[salami tactics]]" to describe piecemeal assumption of power.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Nikita Khrushchev]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|~~1953-1964~~ || First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1953-1964. Allowed limited liberalisation in the arts and media later on.

+

| align=center| [[Nikita Khrushchev]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1953–1964 || First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1953-1964. Allowed limited liberalisation in the arts and media later on.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Todor Zhivkov]] || align=center| Bulgaria || align=center|~~1956-1989~~ || Head of pro soviet communist regimen in Bulgaria. Became party secretary in 1956 and prime minister in 1962. Forced out of power in 1989 by communist party to comply with demands of protesters.

+

| align=center| [[Todor Zhivkov]] || align=center| Bulgaria || align=center|1956–1989 || Head of pro soviet communist regimen in Bulgaria. Became party secretary in 1956 and prime minister in 1962. Forced out of power in 1989 by communist party to comply with demands of protesters.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Antonín Novotný]] || align=center| [[Czechoslovakia]] || align=center|~~1957-1968~~ || Antonín Novotný, the First Secretary of the Communist Party and President of the Republic, was leader of Czechoslovakia during the Stalinisation of the country, resulting in the replacement of the Czechoslovakian democracy by a one-party communist state. His dictatorship centralized power and used force to protect his regime which lasted fifteen years.

+

| align=center| [[Antonín Novotný]] || align=center| [[Czechoslovakia]] || align=center|1957–1968 || Antonín Novotný, the First Secretary of the Communist Party and President of the Republic, was leader of Czechoslovakia during the Stalinisation of the country, resulting in the replacement of the Czechoslovakian democracy by a one-party communist state. His dictatorship centralized power and used force to protect his regime which lasted fifteen years.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Walter Ulbricht]] || align=center| [[German Democratic Republic]] || align=center|1950/~~1960-1971~~ || General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1950-1971 and Head of State 1960-1973.

+

| align=center| [[Walter Ulbricht]] || align=center| [[German Democratic Republic]] || align=center|1950/1960–1971 || General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1950-1971 and Head of State 1960-1973.

|-

| align=center| [[Leonid Brezhnev]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1964–1982 || First/General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1964-1982. Formed a [[cult of Personality]] later on.

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| align=center| [[Gustáv Husák]] || align=center| [[Czechoslovakia]] || align=center|1969-1987 || Came into power through soviets, Crushed the Prague spring. Headed brutal secret police stepped down from power in 1987 two years before communism fell.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Erich Honecker]] || align=center| [[German Democratic Republic]] || align=center|~~1971-1989~~ || General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1971-1989 and Head of State 1976-1989.

+

| align=center| [[Erich Honecker]] || align=center| [[German Democratic Republic]] || align=center|1971–1989 || General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1971-1989 and Head of State 1976-1989.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Phaedon Gizikis]] || align=center| [[Greece]] || align=center|~~1973-1974~~ || President of Greece 1973-1974. Gained power in coup. Lead military regime installed by previous head of state.

+

| align=center| [[Phaedon Gizikis]] || align=center| [[Greece]] || align=center|1973–1974 || President of Greece 1973-1974. Gained power in coup. Lead military regime installed by previous head of state.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] || align=center|Poland || align=center|~~1981-1990~~ || Imposed martial law in Poland in 1981 in response to Solidarity party led strikes. Made himself head of the "Commission for National Salvation." Stated his actions were taken in order to prevent a Soviet invasion of Poland. Was President of Poland until his resignation in 1990.

+

| align=center| [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] || align=center|Poland || align=center|1981–1990 || Imposed martial law in Poland in 1981 in response to Solidarity party led strikes. Made himself head of the "Commission for National Salvation." Stated his actions were taken in order to prevent a Soviet invasion of Poland. Was President of Poland until his resignation in 1990.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Yuri Andropov]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|~~1982-1984~~ || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1982-1984. Early signs of [[Perestroika]] and [[Glasnost]].

+

| align=center| [[Yuri Andropov]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1982–1984 || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1982-1984. Early signs of [[Perestroika]] and [[Glasnost]].

|-

−

| align=center| [[Konstantin Chernenko]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|~~1984-1985~~ || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1984-1985. Ailing stop-gap leader.

+

| align=center| [[Konstantin Chernenko]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1984–1985 || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1984-1985. Ailing stop-gap leader.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|~~1985-1991~~ || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed and the CPSU was banned. Oversaw democratisation in the Soviet Union, but was never directly elected as leader.

+

| align=center| [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1985–1991 || General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed and the CPSU was banned. Oversaw democratisation in the Soviet Union, but was never directly elected as leader.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Slobodan Milošević]] || align=center| [[Serbia]], [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|~~1989-2000~~ || In 1984 he became the head of the local Communist party in Belgrade and adopted a populist style, the party's leader. He successfully took over as head of the Serbian Communist party in 1987. He challenged the federal government, championed Serbian control of the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, and advocated stridently socialist economic policy. By 1988, he had replaced party leaders in Kosovo and Vojvodina, and in 1989 he became president of Serbia. However, in September 1990, a new democratic constitution was passed allowing direct, multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections. Milosevic was elected president of Serbia for the first time in December 1990, although allegations persist of electoral fraud during the Milosevic years.

+

| align=center| [[Slobodan Milošević]] || align=center| [[Serbia]], [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|1989–2000 || In 1984 he became the head of the local Communist party in Belgrade and adopted a populist style, the party's leader. He successfully took over as head of the Serbian Communist party in 1987. He challenged the federal government, championed Serbian control of the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, and advocated stridently socialist economic policy. By 1988, he had replaced party leaders in Kosovo and Vojvodina, and in 1989 he became president of Serbia. However, in September 1990, a new democratic constitution was passed allowing direct, multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections. Milosevic was elected president of Serbia for the first time in December 1990, although allegations persist of electoral fraud during the Milosevic years.

|-

−

| align=center| [[Alexander Lukashenko]] || align=center| [[Belarus]] || align=center| '''1994–present''' || President of Belarus. Said to have an "authoritarian ruling style". Lack of democratic standards. Human rights violations. ~~Referred to as "Europe's last dictatorship."~~

+

| align=center| [[Alexander Lukashenko]] || align=center| [[Belarus]] || align=center| '''1994–present''' || President of Belarus. Said to have an "authoritarian ruling style". Lack of democratic standards. Human rights violations.

|-

| align=center| [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center| '''2014–present''' || Prime Minister of Turkey 2003-2014; President of Turkey since 2014. His crackdowns on protests, restrictions on the media, banning of public websites, purging of prosecutors looking to investigate him, and general curbing of civil liberties follow the path of a typical autocrat. He changed the constitution to enhance his autocratic powers and enshrine authoritarianism into law.

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* [[Single-party state]]

* [[Mobocracy]], [[Social Effects of the Theory of Evolution]], [[Anti-Semitism]], [[Communist Racism]], [[Genocide]], [[Holocaust]]

−

* [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] ([[Nazi]])

+

* [[Nazi Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]] (Nazi Party)

* [[National Socialism]] - the Nazis were elitist [[Police state]] [[liberals]] not [[conservative]]s

* [[Big government]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]

* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]

−

* [[Constitutional crisis]]

* [[List of political leaders who held active military ranks in office]]

Andrewlee

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List of dictators (view source)

Revision as of 20:58, May 20, 2017

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