Changes

The above formula for the difference between two energy levels comes from [[quantum mechanics]], specifically an analysis of the most basic model of the hydrogen atom using the [[Schrodinger equation]]. There are may factors such as the spin of electrons and the effects of [[special relativity]] or any magnetic fields present that have not been accounted for. Whereas in the basic model the energy of an electron only depended on its [[electron shell|shell]], these other factors (or perturbations) lead to different energies between [[subshell]]s and [[orbital]]s. The result is that on closer inspection, the lines in the Balmer series and other series for any atom, such as the Lyman series for hydrogen, are slightly shifted and also split into multiple lines. An example of this is the sodium doublet at 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm due to spin-orbit splitting. <ref>http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/sodzee.html</ref>

The above formula for the difference between two energy levels comes from [[quantum mechanics]], specifically an analysis of the most basic model of the hydrogen atom using the [[Schrodinger equation]]. There are may factors such as the spin of electrons and the effects of [[special relativity]] or any magnetic fields present that have not been accounted for. Whereas in the basic model the energy of an electron only depended on its [[electron shell|shell]], these other factors (or perturbations) lead to different energies between [[subshell]]s and [[orbital]]s. The result is that on closer inspection, the lines in the Balmer series and other series for any atom, such as the Lyman series for hydrogen, are slightly shifted and also split into multiple lines. An example of this is the sodium doublet at 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm due to spin-orbit splitting. <ref>http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/sodzee.html</ref>

==See Also==

==See also==

*[[Hydrogen]]

*[[Hydrogen]]