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Line 693: − − == Atheism and morality/ethics == − − See also: [[Atheism and morality]] and [[Atheist population and immorality]] and [[Atheism and ethics]] and [[Atheist hypocrisy]] and [[Religion and morality]] − − === Objective morality incompatible with atheism === − [[File:Copan at Tyndale.jpeg|thumbnail|right|180px|Dr. [[Paul Copan]] wrote: "...the existence of a personal God is crucial for a coherent understanding of [[objective morality]]."<ref>[http://www.bethinking.org/morality/can-moral-objectivism-do-without-god Can Moral Objectivism Do Without God?] by Peter S. Williams, Bethinking.org</ref>]] − Under an atheist worldview, there is no logical basis for [[objective morality]] or ultimate meaning and purpose.<ref> − *[http://creation.com/atheism-no-objective-morality Atheism—no objective morality?], [[Creation Ministries International]] − *[http://www.bethinking.org/morality/can-moral-objectivism-do-without-god Can Moral Objectivism Do Without God?] by Peter S. Williams at Bethinking.org − *[http://www.equip.org/article/atheists-and-the-quest-for-objective-morality-2/ Atheists and the Quest for Objective Morality] by Chad Meister at Christian Research Institute − *[http://www.faithdefenders.com/articles/atheism/atheism_absolutes_at.html Atheism and absolutes]</ref> See also: [[Atheism and morality]] and [[Atheism and meaninglessness]] − − === Atheism and moral relativism === − − ''See also:'' [[Moral relativism]] and [[Atheism and morality]] − − Dr. Phil Fernandes states the following regarding atheism and [[moral relativism]]: − {{cquote|[[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]] preached that a group of "supermen" must arise with the courage to create their own values through their "will to power." Nietzsche rejected the "soft" values of Christianity (brotherly love, turning the other cheek, charity, compassion, etc.); he felt they hindered man's creativity and potential.... − − Many other atheists agree with Nietzsche concerning moral relativism. British philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]] (1872-1970) once wrote, "Outside human desires there is no moral standard." [[A. J. Ayer]] believed that moral commands did not result from any objective standard above man. Instead, Ayer stated that moral commands merely express one's subjective feelings. When one says that murder is wrong, one is merely saying that he or she feels that murder is wrong. [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], a French [[existentialism|existentialist]], believed that there is no objective meaning to life. Therefore, according to Sartre, man must create his own values. − − There are many different ways that moral relativists attempt to determine what action should be taken. [[Hedonism]] is probably the most extreme. It declares that whatever brings the most pleasure is right. In other words, if it feels good, do it. If this position is true, then there is no basis from which to judge the actions of [[Adolph Hitler]] as being evil.<ref>Fernandes, Phil (May 25, 1997). [http://instituteofbiblicaldefense.com/1997/05/refuting-moral-relativism/ "Refuting moral relativism"]. Institute of Biblical Defense.</ref>}} − − For additional quotes about atheism and morality, please see: [[Atheism and morality quotes]] − [[Image:115523-004-FA619CA3.jpg|thumb|right|251px| The perverse and cruel atheist [[Marquis de Sade]] in prison, 18th century line engraving. ]] − − === Atheism and morality studies === − − See: [[Atheism and morality studies]] − − === Atheism and immorality === − − Statistics and other data related to atheism/immmorality: − − *[[Atheist population and immorality]] − − *[[Atheism statistics]] − − ==== Sexual immorality ==== − − *[[Atheism and sexual immorality articles]] − − ==== Uncharitableness ==== − − *[[Atheism and uncharitableness articles]] − − ==== Violence and oppression ==== − − *[[Atheism and violence articles]] − − ==== Deception ==== − − *[[Atheism and deception articles]] − − ==== Irreligion and crime ==== − − *[[Religion and crime reduction]] − *[[Irreligious prison population]] − − ==== Hypocrisy ==== − − *[[Atheist hypocrisy]]
→Atheism and morality/ethics
Dictionaries point out that previous/archaic meanings of the word atheism are: ungodliness. wickedness, immorality<ref>[http://www.positiveatheism.org/mail/eml9779.htm Dictionary Says 'Atheism' Means 'Immorality'!?]</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/atheism Definition of atheism - Merriam-Webster dictionary]</ref>
Dictionaries point out that previous/archaic meanings of the word atheism are: ungodliness. wickedness, immorality<ref>[http://www.positiveatheism.org/mail/eml9779.htm Dictionary Says 'Atheism' Means 'Immorality'!?]</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/atheism Definition of atheism - Merriam-Webster dictionary]</ref>
== Atheism and meaning ==
== Atheism and meaning ==