Changes

==Libya==

==Libya==

{{Main article|Libyan War}}

{{Main article|Libyan War}}

The original plan was for the fighting to be over in days, with some of the weapons captured at Benghazi to be used in ending Gaddafi's resistance, and some flown to the Turkish staging area at Adana, along the Syrian border, to be used in an uprising against Assad. The singular advantage both Gaddafi and Assad hold against an internal uprising is airpower. In Western propaganda this always translates into "using aircraft against civilians." Hence the call for a no-fly zone to make it a fair fight between government forces and rebel forces.

The original plan was for the fighting to be over in days, with some of the weapons captured at Benghazi to be used in ending Gaddafi's resistance, and some flown to the Turkish staging area at Adana, along the Syrian border, to be used in an uprising against Assad. The singular advantage both Gaddafi and Assad held against an internal uprising is airpower. In Western propaganda this always translates into "using aircraft against civilians." Hence the call for a no-fly zone to make it a fair fight between government forces and rebel forces.

Sarkozy, Cameron, Hillary Clinton, and Obama wanted cover for their actions. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 (UNSC 1970) provided for an arms embargo  - no weapons shipped in to either side. UNSC 1973 "authorized" a no-fly zone "by any means necessary," of course the UK, France, and US took to mean regime change, use of aggressive force, and direct arms deliveries to their jihadi rebels on the ground. The Russians didn't see it that way. The betrayal of assurance Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama gave to get Russia to withhold its veto on the UN Security Council marked a turning point in relations. Russia did not assent to NATO's use of aggressive force. The blatant disregard for international law Sarkozy, Cameron, Hillary Clinton, and Barack Obama flouted, coupled with Obama's drone strikes, caused Vladimir Putin to reaccess other international agreements Russia and the Western powers were party to, namely agreements over the Crimea and Ukraine.  

Sarkozy, Cameron, Hillary Clinton, and Obama wanted cover for their actions. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 (UNSC 1970) provided for an arms embargo  - no weapons shipped in to either side. UNSC 1973 "authorized" a no-fly zone "by any means necessary," of course the UK, France, and US took to mean regime change, use of aggressive force, and direct arms deliveries to their jihadi rebels on the ground. The Russians didn't see it that way. The betrayal of assurances Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama gave to convince Russia to withhold its veto on the UN Security Council marked a turning point in US-Russia relations. Russia did not assent to NATO's use of aggressive force. The blatant disregard for international law Sarkozy, Cameron, Hillary Clinton, and Barack Obama flouted, coupled with Obama's drone strikes, caused Vladimir Putin to reaccess other international agreements Russia was party to with Western powers, namely agreements over the Crimea and Ukraine.  

----

----

*'''15 February.''' Benghazi uprising begins.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/libyan-islamists-seize-arms-take-hostages-20110221-1b19c.html|title=Libyan Islamists seize arms, take hostages|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=|agency=Agence France-Presse|work=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>

*'''15 February.''' Benghazi uprising begins.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/libyan-islamists-seize-arms-take-hostages-20110221-1b19c.html|title=Libyan Islamists seize arms, take hostages|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=|agency=Agence France-Presse|work=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>

The Italian Foreign Minister expressed concern that the number of Libyan refugees trying to reach Italy might reach between 200,000 and 300,000 people.<ref>{{cite news| author =Squires, Nick |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8343963/Libya-Italy-fears-300000-refugees.html |title=Libya: Italy Fears 300,000 Refugees |work =The Daily Telegraph|date=23 February 2011 |accessdate=|location=London}}</ref> The number would exceed 3 million in coming years before it's all over.

The Italian Foreign Minister expressed concern that the number of Libyan refugees trying to reach Italy might reach between 200,000 and 300,000 people.<ref>{{cite news| author =Squires, Nick |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8343963/Libya-Italy-fears-300000-refugees.html |title=Libya: Italy Fears 300,000 Refugees |work =The Daily Telegraph|date=23 February 2011 |accessdate=|location=London}}</ref> The number would exceed 3 million in coming years before it's all over.

[[File:Europeter.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Map showing immigration pathways]]

[[File:Europeter.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Map showing immigration pathways]]

On February 25 [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] announced suspension of Libyan embassy operations in Washington. The same day Gaddafi warned former UK Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] by phone, that if his regime were allowed to fall, the [[jihad]]is would use Libya as a springboard for attacks in [[Europe]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair/12086505/Tony-Blairs-phone-conversations-with-Colonel-Gaddafi-revealed.html Colonel Gaddafi warned Tony Blair of Islamist attacks on Europe], By Robert Mendick, ''Telegraph'' 07 Jan 2016.  telegraph.co.uk</ref> This is exactly what happened, as Gaddafi predicted: the Islamic State took credit for the November 2015 Paris attacks killing 137, wounding 368, and the February 2016 Brussels bombing killing 35 and injuring 340, and numerous other jhad attacks.

On February 25 [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] announced suspension of Libyan embassy operations in Washington. The same day Gaddafi warned former UK Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] by phone, that if his regime were allowed to fall, the [[jihad]]is would use Libya as a springboard for attacks in [[Europe]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair/12086505/Tony-Blairs-phone-conversations-with-Colonel-Gaddafi-revealed.html Colonel Gaddafi warned Tony Blair of Islamist attacks on Europe], By Robert Mendick, ''Telegraph'' 07 Jan 2016.  telegraph.co.uk</ref> This is exactly what happened, as Gaddafi predicted: the Islamic State took credit for the November 2015 Paris attacks killing 137, wounding 368, and the February 2016 Brussels bombing killing 35 and injuring 340, and numerous other jihad attacks.

Hillary Clinton directed efforts to remove all US embassy personnel from Tripoli and ordered the closing of the embassy. Ken Dilanian of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' reported that the [[CIA]] had been on the ground in "rebel-held" areas of Libya since shortly after the US Embassy in Tripoli was evacuated.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110404001700/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0331-cia-libya-20110330,0,2762769.story</ref> Hillary Clinton made a series of calls to foreign counterparts to secure passage of UN Security Council Resolution 1970, imposing sanctions and an arms embargo to either side, which the US and allies abruptly violated.

Hillary Clinton directed efforts to remove all US embassy personnel from Tripoli and ordered the closing of the embassy. Ken Dilanian of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' reported that the [[CIA]] had been on the ground in "rebel-held" areas of Libya since shortly after the US Embassy in Tripoli was evacuated.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110404001700/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0331-cia-libya-20110330,0,2762769.story</ref> Hillary Clinton made a series of calls to foreign counterparts to secure passage of UN Security Council Resolution 1970, imposing sanctions and an arms embargo to either side, which the US and allies abruptly violated.