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Education
==Retirement==
==Retirement==
In political retirement Jefferson helped create and design the [[University of Virginia]], which he considered a major accomplishment. He believed that republican government depends on an informed citizenry; that education is a duty of the state; and that, while all should be given learning sufficient to enable them to understand their rights and duties as citizens, the "natural aristocracy" of virtue and talent should be drawn forth from the general mass and given every opportunity of public education. He continued through life to advocate this philosophy of education.<ref>Peterson, ''Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation'' (1975) ch. 11</ref>
In political retirement Jefferson helped create and design the [[University of Virginia]], which he considered a major accomplishment. He believed that republican government depends on an informed citizenry; that education is a duty of the state; and that, while all should be given learning sufficient to enable them to understand their rights and duties as citizens, the "natural aristocracy" of virtue and talent should be drawn forth from the general mass and given every opportunity of public education. He continued through life to advocate this philosophy of education,<ref>Peterson, ''Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation'' (1975) ch. 11</ref> and explained in detail his belief of what education should accomplish:
<blockquote>
:To give to every citizen the information he needs for the transaction of his own business.
:To enable him to calculate for himself, and to express and preserve his ideas, his contracts and accounts in writing;
:To improve, by reading, his morals and faculties;
:To understand his duties to his neighbors and country, and to discharge with competence the functions confided to him by either;
:To know his rights; to exercise with order and justice those he retains, to choose with discretion the fiduciary of those he delegates; and to notice their conduct with diligence, with candor and judgment;
:And in general, to observe with intelligence and faithfulness all the social relations under which he shall be placed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2lo8AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA81 Niles' Weekly Register, Volume 15]</ref></blockquote>
Jefferson died on July 4, [[Independence Day]], in 1826. It was the same day as the death of John Adams. They had been close friends until the political wars of the 1790s drove them apart, then resumed their friendship with a brilliant correspondence.
Jefferson died on July 4, [[Independence Day]], in 1826. It was the same day as the death of John Adams. They had been close friends until the political wars of the 1790s drove them apart, then resumed their friendship with a brilliant correspondence.