Changes

===Germany===

===Germany===

The political origin of German nationalism is due to the consequences of the Vienna Congress of 1815. It was there that the system of loose, interconnected independent states was created as a successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which was perceived as a dissatisfying division of Germany from many of the contemporaries who had expected a nation-state solution against the backdrop of the various European wars. At the same time, the demand for the granting of civil rights dominated the political debate. The citizens' rights, which were influenced by the French Revolution and were introduced in some German states at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were curtailed in the years between 1819 and 1830 by decisions taken by the Carlsbad and other restoration measures.

The political origin of German nationalism is due to the consequences of the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815. It was there that the system of loose, interconnected independent states was created as a successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which was perceived as a dissatisfying division of Germany from many of the contemporaries who had expected a nation-state solution against the backdrop of the various European wars. At the same time, the demand for the granting of civil rights dominated the political debate. The citizens' rights, which were influenced by the French Revolution and were introduced in some German states at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were curtailed in the years between 1819 and 1830 by decisions taken by the Carlsbad and other restoration measures.

The demands for civil rights and a German national state were represented in parallel by opposition politicians throughout Germany and united in the struggle against the anti-liberal princes of the German states. Early highlights of this political phase were the Wartburgfest, organized by Burschenschaften, in 1817, and the Hambach festival in 1832.  These early national liberals often advocated a more authoritarian nationalist Germany, unlike more classical liberals such as Max Weber who wanted to see a democratic German nation with liberal ideas at the center.

The demands for civil rights and a German national state were represented in parallel by opposition politicians throughout Germany and united in the struggle against the anti-liberal princes of the German states. Early highlights of this political phase were the Wartburgfest, organized by Burschenschaften, in 1817, and the Hambach festival in 1832.  These early national liberals often advocated a more authoritarian nationalist Germany, unlike more classical liberals such as Max Weber who wanted to see a democratic German nation with liberal ideas at the center.