After the 1884 election, ''mugwump'' survived for more than a decade as an epithet in American politics. Many Mugwumps became Democrats or remained independents; most continued to support reform well into the 20th century.<ref>Tucker (1998)</ref> During the [[Third Party System]], party loyalty was in high regard and independents were rare. [[Theodore Roosevelt]] stunned his upper class New York City friends by supporting Blaine in 1884; by rejecting the Mugwumps he kept alive his Republican party leadership.<ref>Henry F. Pringle, ''Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography.'' (1931) Page 88.</ref> | After the 1884 election, ''mugwump'' survived for more than a decade as an epithet in American politics. Many Mugwumps became Democrats or remained independents; most continued to support reform well into the 20th century.<ref>Tucker (1998)</ref> During the [[Third Party System]], party loyalty was in high regard and independents were rare. [[Theodore Roosevelt]] stunned his upper class New York City friends by supporting Blaine in 1884; by rejecting the Mugwumps he kept alive his Republican party leadership.<ref>Henry F. Pringle, ''Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography.'' (1931) Page 88.</ref> |