Changes

{{Night Sky

{{Night Sky

| image          =M82_HST_ACS_2006-14-a-large_web.jpg

| image          =M82_HST_ACS_2006-14-a-large_web.jpg

| designation    =[[Messier catalogue|Messier 82]]

| designation    =[[Messier catalogue|Messier 82]]<br/>[[NGC]] 3034

[[NGC]] 3034

| rightascension  =00^h 55^m 51^s  

| rightascension  =00^h 55^m 51^s  

| declination    =+69° 40′ 43″

| declination    =+69° 40′ 43″

| constellation  =Ursa Major

| constellation  =[[Ursa Major]]

| type            =[[Spiral galaxy]]  

| type            =[[Spiral galaxy]]  

| dimensions      =11.2 x 4.3'

| dimensions      =11.2 x 4.3'<ref name=messier-objects>[http://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/ Cigar galaxy] from messier-objects.com</ref>

| magnitude      =8.41

| magnitude      =Apparent Mag: +8.41<ref name=messier-objects/><br/>Absolute mag:

| redshift        =0.00073±0.00009

| redshift        =0.00073±0.00009<ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=cigar+galaxy&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id M82] from simbad.u-strasbg.fr</ref>

| distance        =11.7&nbsp;million light years

| distance        =11.5&nbsp;million light years<ref name=constellation-guide>[http://www.constellation-guide.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/ Messier 82] from constellation-guide.com</ref>

| radvelocity    =203±4 km/s

| radvelocity    =203±4 km/s<ref name=constellation-guide>[http://www.constellation-guide.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/ Messier 82] from constellation-guide.com</ref><ref name=simbad/>

| propmotion      =

| propmotion      =

| parallax        =

| parallax        =

==Environment and Structure==

==Environment and Structure==

M82 was originally thought to be a type Irr II [[irregular galaxy]]. However, near-infrared photographs have shown two spiral arms.<ref name=constellation-guide>[http://www.constellation-guide.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/ Messier 82] from constellation-guide.com</ref> These had never been observed as the galaxy is viewed edge on from [[Earth]] and the arms are obscured by dust within the galaxy. In fact, it is the brightest galaxy in the night sky.<ref name=seds/> It exhibits infrared excess, meaning that it emits more light in the infrared part of the [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]] than in the visible. It is also classified as a starburst galaxy due to its incredibly high rate of star formation.

M82 was originally thought to be a type Irr II [[irregular galaxy]]. However, near-infrared photographs have shown two spiral arms.<ref name=constellation-guide/> These had never been observed as the galaxy is viewed edge on from [[Earth]] and the arms are obscured by dust within the galaxy. In fact, it is the brightest galaxy in the night sky.<ref name=seds/> It exhibits infrared excess, meaning that it emits more light in the infrared part of the [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]] than in the visible. It is also classified as a starburst galaxy due to its incredibly high rate of star formation.

The Cigar galaxy is approximately 38,000 [[light year]]s across, contains many dust lanes and roughly 30 billion stars.<ref name=seds/> The [[Hubble Space Telescope]] has found over a 100 [[globular cluster]]s in the Cigar galaxy as well as 197 star forming regions.<ref name=seds/><ref name=constellation-guide/> Star formation is believed to be at least 10 times that of the [[Milky Way]]. Three [[supernova]]e have also be observed. The supernova SN2014J, a type 1a, was one of the brightest supernovae observed in recent decades, reaching an apparent magnitude of 10.9.<ref name=constellation-guide/>

The Cigar galaxy is approximately 38,000 [[light year]]s across, contains many dust lanes and roughly 30 billion stars.<ref name=seds/> The [[Hubble Space Telescope]] has found over a 100 [[globular cluster]]s in the Cigar galaxy as well as 197 star forming regions.<ref name=seds/><ref name=constellation-guide/> Star formation is believed to be at least 10 times that of the [[Milky Way]]. Three [[supernova]]e have also be observed. The supernova SN2014J, a type 1a, was one of the brightest supernovae observed in recent decades, reaching an apparent magnitude of 10.9.<ref name=constellation-guide/>