Changes

Compact, medium format and large format cameras usually have a central, or leaf, shutter with resilient curved slats that open radially for the duration of the exposure. The central shutter can be located in the camera body or inside the lens between the front and rear lens groups.  In film-based cameras such as SLRs the focal plane shutter is located in the camera immediately in front of the film plane in the housing. For exposure, it opens similar to a double-curtain in some models or creates a slot in others; both have variable width which is determined by the exposure time. The longer the exposure time, the wider the slot.  Some single-lens medium-format SLRs with central shutter lenses also have an additional focal plane shutter which is not meant for image exposure, but only as an aid or auxiliary closure to protect the film from light when focusing or changing a lens.

Compact, medium format and large format cameras usually have a central, or leaf, shutter with resilient curved slats that open radially for the duration of the exposure. The central shutter can be located in the camera body or inside the lens between the front and rear lens groups.  In film-based cameras such as SLRs the focal plane shutter is located in the camera immediately in front of the film plane in the housing. For exposure, it opens similar to a double-curtain in some models or creates a slot in others; both have variable width which is determined by the exposure time. The longer the exposure time, the wider the slot.  Some single-lens medium-format SLRs with central shutter lenses also have an additional focal plane shutter which is not meant for image exposure, but only as an aid or auxiliary closure to protect the film from light when focusing or changing a lens.

In the early days of photography exposure times of several minutes, but at least several seconds were required, with the "shutter" simply being the lens cap removed and replaced by the photographer during the exposure time.  Prior to the advent of digital cameras, film SLRs have mechanically controlled shutter speeds up to 1/1000 second for focal plane shutters, and up to 1/500 second for the central shutter. The shortest purely mechanical shutter speed is 1/4000 second for the Nikon FM2 of 1982-2001.  Longer shutter speeds in the low second range can be found in older cameras with the self-timer mechanism.  With electronic shutter control by means of electromagnets and control electronics, modern 35 mm cameras achieve the shortest shutter speeds of 1/12,000 second (Minolta Dynax 9xi and Dynax 9) and system cameras (Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II) even of 1/32000, but also automatically controlled times up to 30 seconds and longer are feasible.

In the early days of photography exposure times of several seconds to several minutes were required, with the "shutter" simply being the lens cap removed and replaced by the photographer during the exposure time.  Prior to the advent of digital cameras, film SLRs have mechanically controlled shutter speeds up to 1/1000 second for focal plane shutters, and up to 1/500 second for the central shutter. The shortest purely mechanical shutter speed is 1/4000 second for the Nikon FM2 of 1982-2001.  Longer shutter speeds in the low second range can be found in older cameras with the self-timer mechanism.  With electronic shutter control by means of electromagnets and control electronics, modern 35mm cameras achieve the shortest shutter speeds of 1/12,000 second (Minolta Dynax 9xi and Dynax 9) and system cameras up to 1/32000 second (Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II), but also automatically controlled times up to 30 seconds and longer are feasible.

===Viewfinder===

===Viewfinder===