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→Snowden revelations
{{Quotebox|It is clear from the Snowden documents that GCHQ has become Europe's intelligence hub in the internet age, and not just because of its success in creating a legally permissive environment for its operations. Britain's location as the European gateway for many transatlantic cables, and its privileged relationship with the NSA has made GCHQ an essential partner for European agencies. The documents show British officials frequently lobbying the NSA on sharing of data with the Europeans and haggling over its security classification so it can be more widely disseminated. In the intelligence world, far more than it managed in diplomacy, Britain has made itself an indispensable bridge between America and Europe's spies.}}
{{Quotebox|It is clear from the Snowden documents that GCHQ has become Europe's intelligence hub in the internet age, and not just because of its success in creating a legally permissive environment for its operations. Britain's location as the European gateway for many transatlantic cables, and its privileged relationship with the NSA has made GCHQ an essential partner for European agencies. The documents show British officials frequently lobbying the NSA on sharing of data with the Europeans and haggling over its security classification so it can be more widely disseminated. In the intelligence world, far more than it managed in diplomacy, Britain has made itself an indispensable bridge between America and Europe's spies.}}
The ''[[Guardian]]'' revealed tapping through back doors into US internet companies such as [[Apple]], [[Google]] and [[Facebook]] with a program called Prism> Its GCHQ counterpart is called Tempora.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data</ref> UK government struck a secret deal with the NSA to share phone, internet, and email records of UK citizens.
The ''[[Guardian]]'' revealed tapping through back doors into US internet companies such as [[Apple]], [[Google]] and [[Facebook]] with a program called Prism> Its GCHQ counterpart is called Tempora.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data</ref> UK government struck a secret deal with the NSA to share phone, internet, and email records of UK citizens.
On June 9, 2013 Snowden stepped forward as the source of the leaks published in ''The Guardian''.<ref name="theguardian.com">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-secret-surveillance-lawmakers-live</ref> Introducing himself Snowden says,<ref>https://youtu.be/9u5ecSR_rag</ref>
{{Quotebox|“'''I, sitting at my desk, certainly had the authorities to wiretap anyone''', from you or your accountant, to a federal judge, to '''even the president''' if I had a personal e-mail.<br><br>
It’s getting to the point you don’t have to have done anything wrong. You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, even by a wrong call, and then they can use the system to go back in time and scrutinize every decision you have ever made.”}}
Training materials provided by Snowden for XKeyscore propgram detailed how analysts can use it and other systems to mine enormous NSA databases by filling in a simple on-screen form giving only a broad justification for the search. The request is not reviewed by a court or any NSA personnel before it is processed. The program covers "nearly everything a typical user does on the internet", including the content of emails, websites visited and searches, as well as their metadata. Under US law, the NSA is required to obtain an individualized [[FISA]] warrant only if the target of their surveillance is a 'US person', though no such warrant is required for intercepting the communications of Americans with foreign targets. But '''XKeyscore provides''' the technological capability, if not '''the legal authority, to target even US persons''' for extensive electronic surveillance '''without a warrant provided''' that some identifying information, such as '''their email or IP address, is known.'''
===Intimidation of journalists===
===Intimidation of journalists===