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Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation =Cadwell 49<br/>NGC 2244 (cluster) | rightascension =06<sup>h</sup> 33<sup>m</sup> 45<sup>s</sup><ref name=constellation..."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =Cadwell 49<br/>[[NGC]] 2244 (cluster)
| rightascension =06<sup>h</sup> 33<sup>m</sup> 45<sup>s</sup><ref name=constellation-guide>[http://www.constellation-guide.com/rosette-nebula/ Rosette nebula] from constellation-guide.com</ref>
| declination =+04° 59′ 54″<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| distance =5,200 ly<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| constellation =Monoceros
| type =Emission nebula
| dimensions =1.3° across<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +9<ref name=constellation-guide/><br/>Absolute Mag: -2<ref>From definition of absolute magnitude, using apparent magnitude and distance given here.</ref>
| redshift =0.000087±0.000011<ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NGC+2244&submit=submit+id NGC 2244] from simbad.u-strasbg.fr</ref>
| radvelocity =26.16±3.37 km/s<ref name=simbad/>
| propmotion =RA: -1.45 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><br/>Dec.: 0.54<ref name=simbad/>
| parallax =
}}
The '''Rosette nebula''' (Cadwell 49) is an [[emission nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Monoceros]].<ref name=constellation-guide/> The nebula comprises mainly of a large gas cloud and an associated [[open star cluster]], designated NGC 2244, but smaller clusters are also present. The nebula's similar appearance to a [[rose]] has earned it the name Rosette (sometimes Rosetta) nebula. However, from a different angle it resembles a [[skull]], leading to some also calling it the "Skull nebula." The open cluster can be see using [[binoculars]] but the nebula surrounding it requires a telescope to observe it.
==History==
The nebula and its contents were not discovered by a single person, due it the difficulty in its observation. The bright star cluster, NGC 2244 was the first to be observed by John Flamstead in 1690. [[John Herschel]] discovered the main open cluster, NGC 2239, at the centre of the nebula in 1784.<ref name=atlasoftheuniverse>[http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/nebulae/ngc2237.html NGC 2237, 2238, 2239 and 2246 - The Rosette Nebula] from atlasoftheuniverse.com</ref> NGC 2237 and NGC 2246 were both discovered by Lewis Swift and NGC 2238 was first observed by Albert Marth.<ref name=constellation-guide/>
==Properties and Structure==
The nebula consists of a large cloud of [[gas]] and [[dust]] along with several star cluster: NGC 2237, NGC 2238, NGC 2239, NGC 2244 and NGC 2246. NGC 2244 corresponds to the bright open star cluster in the centre of the nebula. It is difficult to determine exactly what the others correspond to as they were identified before astronomers realised there was only one single nebula.
The Rosette nebula is 130 [[light year]]s across, meaning it is three times larger than the [[Orion nebula]] and appears about five times larger than a full [[Moon]] on the night sky.<ref name=constellation-guide/> With a mass of 10,000 solar masses, it is one of the largest [[emission nebula]]e known. On zoomed in photographs of the nebula, dust lanes are also visible
===NGC 2244===
NGC 2244 is a bright [[open cluster]] situated in the heart of the Rosette nebula. With an apparent [[star magnitude|magnitude]] of 4.8, the stars are sufficiently bright to be seen with the naked eye.<ref name=constellation-guide/> The brightest stars in the cluster belong to the [[Stellar Classifications|stellar classification]] O4V, a rare class of blue stars, significantly brighter and more massive than the [[Sun]]. These stars are output around 400,000 times more energy than the sun/<ref name=constellation-guide/> The vast amount of radiation these stars output produce very strong [[stellar wind]]s. This blows gas away from the stars and is responsible for there being a lack of gas in the central regions of the nebula. In images taken by NASA's [[Spitzer Space Telescope]], spheres of dust can be seen surrounding these hot stars.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]
| image =
| designation =Cadwell 49<br/>[[NGC]] 2244 (cluster)
| rightascension =06<sup>h</sup> 33<sup>m</sup> 45<sup>s</sup><ref name=constellation-guide>[http://www.constellation-guide.com/rosette-nebula/ Rosette nebula] from constellation-guide.com</ref>
| declination =+04° 59′ 54″<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| distance =5,200 ly<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| constellation =Monoceros
| type =Emission nebula
| dimensions =1.3° across<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +9<ref name=constellation-guide/><br/>Absolute Mag: -2<ref>From definition of absolute magnitude, using apparent magnitude and distance given here.</ref>
| redshift =0.000087±0.000011<ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NGC+2244&submit=submit+id NGC 2244] from simbad.u-strasbg.fr</ref>
| radvelocity =26.16±3.37 km/s<ref name=simbad/>
| propmotion =RA: -1.45 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><br/>Dec.: 0.54<ref name=simbad/>
| parallax =
}}
The '''Rosette nebula''' (Cadwell 49) is an [[emission nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Monoceros]].<ref name=constellation-guide/> The nebula comprises mainly of a large gas cloud and an associated [[open star cluster]], designated NGC 2244, but smaller clusters are also present. The nebula's similar appearance to a [[rose]] has earned it the name Rosette (sometimes Rosetta) nebula. However, from a different angle it resembles a [[skull]], leading to some also calling it the "Skull nebula." The open cluster can be see using [[binoculars]] but the nebula surrounding it requires a telescope to observe it.
==History==
The nebula and its contents were not discovered by a single person, due it the difficulty in its observation. The bright star cluster, NGC 2244 was the first to be observed by John Flamstead in 1690. [[John Herschel]] discovered the main open cluster, NGC 2239, at the centre of the nebula in 1784.<ref name=atlasoftheuniverse>[http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/nebulae/ngc2237.html NGC 2237, 2238, 2239 and 2246 - The Rosette Nebula] from atlasoftheuniverse.com</ref> NGC 2237 and NGC 2246 were both discovered by Lewis Swift and NGC 2238 was first observed by Albert Marth.<ref name=constellation-guide/>
==Properties and Structure==
The nebula consists of a large cloud of [[gas]] and [[dust]] along with several star cluster: NGC 2237, NGC 2238, NGC 2239, NGC 2244 and NGC 2246. NGC 2244 corresponds to the bright open star cluster in the centre of the nebula. It is difficult to determine exactly what the others correspond to as they were identified before astronomers realised there was only one single nebula.
The Rosette nebula is 130 [[light year]]s across, meaning it is three times larger than the [[Orion nebula]] and appears about five times larger than a full [[Moon]] on the night sky.<ref name=constellation-guide/> With a mass of 10,000 solar masses, it is one of the largest [[emission nebula]]e known. On zoomed in photographs of the nebula, dust lanes are also visible
===NGC 2244===
NGC 2244 is a bright [[open cluster]] situated in the heart of the Rosette nebula. With an apparent [[star magnitude|magnitude]] of 4.8, the stars are sufficiently bright to be seen with the naked eye.<ref name=constellation-guide/> The brightest stars in the cluster belong to the [[Stellar Classifications|stellar classification]] O4V, a rare class of blue stars, significantly brighter and more massive than the [[Sun]]. These stars are output around 400,000 times more energy than the sun/<ref name=constellation-guide/> The vast amount of radiation these stars output produce very strong [[stellar wind]]s. This blows gas away from the stars and is responsible for there being a lack of gas in the central regions of the nebula. In images taken by NASA's [[Spitzer Space Telescope]], spheres of dust can be seen surrounding these hot stars.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]