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'''John William Money''' (1921 – 2006), Ph.D., psychologist and sexologist who pioneered "sex-change" operations, "gender theory" and sexual identity studies.

'''John William Money''' (1921 – 2006), Ph.D., psychologist and sexologist who pioneered [[Sex change operation|"sex-change" operations]], "[[gender theory]]" and sexual identity studies.

==Early Life and Training==

==Early Life and Training==

==Career in USA==

==Career in USA==

After studying infants born with ambiguous genitalia Money developed a theory that sexual identity is formed by upbringing rather than defined wholly by genes and hormones. (The fallacy here was of course to try to use abnormal cases to make deductions about the vast majority of normal people.)

After studying infants born with ambiguous genitalia Money developed a theory that sexual identity is formed by upbringing rather than defined wholly by genes and hormones. (The fallacy here was, of course, to try to use abnormal cases to make deductions about the vast majority of normal people.)

Early in his career, Dr. Money coined the terms “gender identity,” to describe the internal experience of sexuality, and “gender role,” to refer to social expectations of male and female behavior. The two concepts still drive much research into sexual identity.

Early in his career, Dr. Money coined the terms “gender identity,” to describe the internal experience of sexuality, and “gender role,” to refer to social expectations of male and female behavior. The two concepts still drive much research into sexual identity.

The report caused an uproar, and Dr. Money was criticized in news reports and in a book on the case. People called him a fraud.

The report caused an uproar, and Dr. Money was criticized in news reports and in a book on the case. People called him a fraud.

In 2004, David Reimer, the victim of this grisly experiment, committed suicide. He shot himself in the head, when aged 38. His twin brother who had also been involved in the disturbing experiment, committed suicide too. His family blamed the effort to change Bruce's sex. The Reimer double tragedy is a warning about the specious claims of "gender theory".<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/dr_money_prog_summary.shtml</ref>

In 2004, David Reimer, the victim of this grisly experiment, committed suicide. He shot himself in the head when aged 38. His twin brother, who had also been involved in the disturbing experiment, committed suicide too. His family blamed the effort to change Bruce's sex. The Reimer double tragedy is a warning about the specious claims of "gender theory".<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/dr_money_prog_summary.shtml</ref><ref> http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/dr_money_prog_summary.shtml>/</ref>

 

<ref> http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/dr_money_prog_summary.shtml>/</ref>

<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11814300</ref>

<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11814300</ref>

<ref> The Reimer Twins: A Tragic and Unethical Sex Change Experiment. https://www.sott.net/article/373088-The-Reimer-twins-A-tragic-and-highly-unethical-forced-sex-change-experiment </ref>

<ref> The Reimer Twins: A Tragic and Unethical Sex Change Experiment. https://www.sott.net/article/373088-The-Reimer-twins-A-tragic-and-highly-unethical-forced-sex-change-experiment </ref>