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initial creation of article, list of prophets revered in Mandaeanism to follow
'''Mandaeans''' represent a [[Religion|religious]] [[sect]] that views [[Jesus]] as a false [[messiah]] but revere [[John the Baptist]], who, according to their doctrine, performed [[miracle]]s of healing through baptism, which the Mandaeans of the first century viewed as a magical process giving immortality, purification, and physical health. There is historical evidence that the sect of the Mandaeans predated the first century of [[Christianity]]. '''Mandaeanism''' since that time has professed a form of [[Gnosticism]].
== Rejection of Jesus ==
Many of the [[Disciple|followers]] of John the Baptist, who revered him as a true [[prophet]] of [[God]], rejected Jesus as the Messiah<ref>Because they never received Jesus as the true Messiah and therefore had never been believers in Him, they cannot be classed as [[Heresy|heretics]] or [[Apostasy|apostates]]. They are believers in the God of Israel, but like the Jews are unbelievers in Christ.</ref>. Their descendants have continued to this day as members of the sect of the Mandaeans.
John 10:41 presents the opposing eyewitness testimony of many observers that "John did no miracle: but all things that John spake of this man were true<big>!</big>" [[John the Apostle|John]], who with [[Andrew the Apostle|Andrew]] was a devoted follower of John the Baptizer, and was an eyewitness to his ministry and heard him preach, answered those who had not accepted Jesus as the Christ, the Messiah, but revered John the Baptist as a true prophet of God, by emphasizing in his [[Gospel of John|Gospel]] the testimony that John the Baptizer himself had given about Jesus. All [[The Gospels|four Gospels]] bear witness to John's testimony to Jesus as the Messiah, "who takes away the sin of the world."
== Testimony of John the Baptist to Jesus ==
Matthew 3:11-17
:I indeed baptize you with water unto [[repentance]]: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], and ''with'' fire: Whose fan ''is'' in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor<ref>"floor". The threshing floor, an open area of ground, usually a large hard surface of hard ground or rock for winnowing grain, to separate the chaff from the wheat. The [[Temple]] of Jerusalem was originally built by Solomon on the threshing floor of Araunah/Ornan the Jebusite, situated atop a large rock plateau near the Kidron Valley. 2 Samuel 24:18-25; 1 Chronicles 21:18-28; 1 Kings 5:1-5.</ref>, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire<ref>This "clearing of the floor and burning of the chaff" (see Psalm 1:4-6) was fulfilled in part by the burning of Jerusalem and the Temple in A.D. 70. See [[Josephus]], ''Antiquities of the Jews'' Book VI.</ref>.
:Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him. But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?
:And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer ''it to be so'' now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.
:And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway our of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he was the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
Mark 1:7-11<ref>Mark traditionally represents the Gospel that was preached by Saint Peter, according to the testimony of [[Eusebius]], ''Ecclesiastical History'' Book III, 24.</ref>
:And preached, saying, There cometh one mightier than I after me, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose. I indeed have baptized you with water: but he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost.
:And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized of John in Jordan. And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him: And there came a voice from heaven, ''saying'', Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
Luke 3:15-17, 21-22<ref>Luke traditionally represents the Gospel that was preached by Saint Paul, according to the testimony of [[Eusebius]], ''Ecclesiastical History'' Book III, 24.</ref>
:And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not; John answered, saying unto ''them'' all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire: Whose fan ''is'' in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
:Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.
John 1:19-37
:And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?
:And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ.
:And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet?
:And he answered, No.
:Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself?
:He said, I ''am'' the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.
:And they which were sent were of the Pharisees. And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizes thou then, if thour be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet?
:John answered them, sayhing, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not; He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose.
:These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.
:The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. and I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.
:Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples; And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God<big>!</big> And the two disciple heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.
John 3:26-30
:And they came unto John, and said unto him Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptized, and all ''men'' come to him.
:John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven. Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, tut that I am sent before him. He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled. He must increase, but I ''must'' decrease.
== John's doubts about Jesus ==
Mandaeans teach that John the Baptizer ceased to believe in Jesus as the promised Messiah. They reject the New Testament scriptures as false teachings about Jesus, and point Christians to the evidence of John's doubts about him in the Gospels.
Matthew 11:2-3
:Now when John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples, And said unto him, Art thou he that should come, or do we look for another?
Luke 7:18-20
:And John calling ''unto him'' two of his disciples sent ''them'' to Jesus, saying, Art thou he that should come? or look we for another? When the men were come unto him, thye said, John Baptist hath sent us unto thee, saying, Art thou he that should come? or look we for another?
In both these passages Jesus responds by pointing to the fact that the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and to the poor the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached.
== Prophets revered by Mandaeans ==
== Mandaean scriptures ==
Among the more important extant Mandaean writings are:
:*the '''Ginza (Book of Adam)''', a [[Cosmology|cosmological]] [[treatise]];
:*the '''Book of John''', describing the activities of John the Baptist;
:*the '''Book of the Zodiac''', a collection of [[magic]]al and [[Astrology|astrological]] texts;
:*and the '''Baptism of Hibil Ziwa''', describing the purification of the heavenly savior of the Mandaeans.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mandaeanism '''Mandaeanism''' - Britannica Encyclopedia (britannica.com)]
*[http://www.appleofhiseye.org/images/aohe/docs/aohe-bfj-objections-to-Jesus-as-messiah.pdf '''Common Objections to Jesus as Messiah''', By Steve Cohen (appleofhiseye.org)]
[[category:New Testament]]
[[category:Early Christians]]
[[category:Judaism]]
[[category:Iraq]]
== Rejection of Jesus ==
Many of the [[Disciple|followers]] of John the Baptist, who revered him as a true [[prophet]] of [[God]], rejected Jesus as the Messiah<ref>Because they never received Jesus as the true Messiah and therefore had never been believers in Him, they cannot be classed as [[Heresy|heretics]] or [[Apostasy|apostates]]. They are believers in the God of Israel, but like the Jews are unbelievers in Christ.</ref>. Their descendants have continued to this day as members of the sect of the Mandaeans.
John 10:41 presents the opposing eyewitness testimony of many observers that "John did no miracle: but all things that John spake of this man were true<big>!</big>" [[John the Apostle|John]], who with [[Andrew the Apostle|Andrew]] was a devoted follower of John the Baptizer, and was an eyewitness to his ministry and heard him preach, answered those who had not accepted Jesus as the Christ, the Messiah, but revered John the Baptist as a true prophet of God, by emphasizing in his [[Gospel of John|Gospel]] the testimony that John the Baptizer himself had given about Jesus. All [[The Gospels|four Gospels]] bear witness to John's testimony to Jesus as the Messiah, "who takes away the sin of the world."
== Testimony of John the Baptist to Jesus ==
Matthew 3:11-17
:I indeed baptize you with water unto [[repentance]]: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the [[Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost]], and ''with'' fire: Whose fan ''is'' in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor<ref>"floor". The threshing floor, an open area of ground, usually a large hard surface of hard ground or rock for winnowing grain, to separate the chaff from the wheat. The [[Temple]] of Jerusalem was originally built by Solomon on the threshing floor of Araunah/Ornan the Jebusite, situated atop a large rock plateau near the Kidron Valley. 2 Samuel 24:18-25; 1 Chronicles 21:18-28; 1 Kings 5:1-5.</ref>, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire<ref>This "clearing of the floor and burning of the chaff" (see Psalm 1:4-6) was fulfilled in part by the burning of Jerusalem and the Temple in A.D. 70. See [[Josephus]], ''Antiquities of the Jews'' Book VI.</ref>.
:Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him. But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?
:And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer ''it to be so'' now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.
:And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway our of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he was the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
Mark 1:7-11<ref>Mark traditionally represents the Gospel that was preached by Saint Peter, according to the testimony of [[Eusebius]], ''Ecclesiastical History'' Book III, 24.</ref>
:And preached, saying, There cometh one mightier than I after me, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose. I indeed have baptized you with water: but he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost.
:And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized of John in Jordan. And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him: And there came a voice from heaven, ''saying'', Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
Luke 3:15-17, 21-22<ref>Luke traditionally represents the Gospel that was preached by Saint Paul, according to the testimony of [[Eusebius]], ''Ecclesiastical History'' Book III, 24.</ref>
:And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not; John answered, saying unto ''them'' all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire: Whose fan ''is'' in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
:Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.
John 1:19-37
:And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?
:And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ.
:And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet?
:And he answered, No.
:Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself?
:He said, I ''am'' the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.
:And they which were sent were of the Pharisees. And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizes thou then, if thour be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet?
:John answered them, sayhing, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not; He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose.
:These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.
:The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. and I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.
:Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples; And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God<big>!</big> And the two disciple heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.
John 3:26-30
:And they came unto John, and said unto him Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptized, and all ''men'' come to him.
:John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven. Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, tut that I am sent before him. He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled. He must increase, but I ''must'' decrease.
== John's doubts about Jesus ==
Mandaeans teach that John the Baptizer ceased to believe in Jesus as the promised Messiah. They reject the New Testament scriptures as false teachings about Jesus, and point Christians to the evidence of John's doubts about him in the Gospels.
Matthew 11:2-3
:Now when John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples, And said unto him, Art thou he that should come, or do we look for another?
Luke 7:18-20
:And John calling ''unto him'' two of his disciples sent ''them'' to Jesus, saying, Art thou he that should come? or look we for another? When the men were come unto him, thye said, John Baptist hath sent us unto thee, saying, Art thou he that should come? or look we for another?
In both these passages Jesus responds by pointing to the fact that the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and to the poor the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached.
== Prophets revered by Mandaeans ==
== Mandaean scriptures ==
Among the more important extant Mandaean writings are:
:*the '''Ginza (Book of Adam)''', a [[Cosmology|cosmological]] [[treatise]];
:*the '''Book of John''', describing the activities of John the Baptist;
:*the '''Book of the Zodiac''', a collection of [[magic]]al and [[Astrology|astrological]] texts;
:*and the '''Baptism of Hibil Ziwa''', describing the purification of the heavenly savior of the Mandaeans.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mandaeanism '''Mandaeanism''' - Britannica Encyclopedia (britannica.com)]
*[http://www.appleofhiseye.org/images/aohe/docs/aohe-bfj-objections-to-Jesus-as-messiah.pdf '''Common Objections to Jesus as Messiah''', By Steve Cohen (appleofhiseye.org)]
[[category:New Testament]]
[[category:Early Christians]]
[[category:Judaism]]
[[category:Iraq]]