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Left-wing antisemitism (view source)

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to be potentates of an oppressive contemporary social order."<ref>William Oliver Coleman, "[http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.368.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'' (Duke University Press), Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), p. 764</ref> Among the French Left, observes Weissmann, were "numerous individuals and groups who considered class struggle and race struggle as one and the same thing—especially with reference to the Jews...."<ref>Karlheinz Weissmann, "[http://mises.org/journals/jls/12_2/12_2_3.pdf The Epoch of National Socialism]," ''The Journal of Libertarian Studies,'' Vol. 12, No. 2 (Fall 1996), pp. 257–294, citing Edmund Silberner, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=y6EiAAAAMAAJ Sozialisten zur Judenfrage: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Sozialismus vom Anfang des 19.Jahrhunderts bis 1914]'' (Berlin, 1962), pp. 65–82</ref>

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“Socialist anti-Semitism is indeed almost as old as modern Socialism,” writes historian Edmund Silberner of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” Scripta Hierosolymitana, vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> Early socialism was inseparable from anti-Semitism, portraying Jews as exploiters, leeches and parasites.<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” ''Scripta Hierosolymitana'', vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> "[V]irtually every major figure in the early history of socialism — including Friedrich Engels, Charles Fourier, Ferdinand Lassalle, Marx, and Joseph Proudhon — showed a marked antipathy to Jews," observes Daniel Pipes.<ref>Daniel Pipes, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PPdv8sAtZ4UC Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1999) ISBN 0684871114, p. 88</ref> In his comprehensive survey of French socialist literature from 1820 to 1920, historian Zosa Szajkowski found not a single word on behalf of Jews.<ref>Zosa Szajkowski, ''[http://www.jstor.org/pss/4464737 The Jewish Saint-Simonians and Socialist Antisemites in France]'', ''Jewish Social Studies'', Vol. 9, No. 1 (January, 1947), pp. 33-60 </ref>

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“Socialist anti-Semitism is indeed almost as old as modern Socialism,” writes historian Edmund Silberner of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” Scripta Hierosolymitana, vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> Early socialism was inseparable from anti-Semitism, portraying Jews as exploiters, leeches and parasites.<ref>Edmund Silberner, “The Anti-Semitic Tradition in Modern Socialism,” ''Scripta Hierosolymitana'', vol. III (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1956), pp.378-379</ref> "[V]irtually every major figure in the early history of socialism — including Friedrich Engels, Charles Fourier, Ferdinand Lassalle, Marx, and Joseph Proudhon — showed a marked antipathy to Jews," observes Daniel Pipes.<ref>Daniel Pipes, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PPdv8sAtZ4UC Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1999) ISBN 0684871114, p. 88</ref> In his comprehensive survey of French socialist literature from 1820 to 1920, historian Zosa Szajkowski found not a single word on behalf of Jews.<ref>Zosa Szajkowski, ''[http://www.jstor.org/pss/4464737 The Jewish Saint-Simonians and Socialist Antisemites in France]'', ''Jewish Social Studies'', Vol. 9, No. 1 (January, 1947), pp. 33-60</ref>

===Leroux===

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===Fourier===

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Early socialist [[Charles Fourier]] (1768–1830) attacked (classical) "liberal retrogression" (i.e, ''laissez faire'' capitalism) for what he called "monstrous actions, such as the admission of the Jews to the rights of citizens" which, he wrote, introduce into society "parasites, unproductives." He added, "The Jewish nation is not civilised ... it devotes itself exclusively to traffic, to usury, and to mercantile depravity ... Every government having regard to good morals ought to repress the Jews," whom Fourier described as "all parasites, merchants, usurers, etc."<ref>Charles Fourier (Tr. Julian H. Franklin), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=w2CgXn5jAm8C Selections from the Works of Fourier]'' (Allen & Unwin, 1901), p. 96. Cf. Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' [W. W. Norton & Company, 1999] ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> Fourier's disciple, Alphonse Toussenel, called Jews "the kings of the epoch," writing that "Europe is entailed to the domination of Israel. This universal domination, of which so many conquerors have dreamed, the Jews have in their hands."<ref>George Lichtheim, "Socialism and the Jews," [http://search.opinionarchives.com/Dissent_Web/DigitalArchive.aspx?panes=1&aid=01504314_1 ''Dissent'', Vol. 15, No. 4 (July 1968)], p. 320</ref> "[I]ndustrial feudalism"—as Toussenel called capitalism—"is personified in the cosmopolitan Jew."<ref>Jacob Katz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeH_uNpWbZAC From prejudice to destruction: anti-Semitism, 1700-1933]'' (Harvard University Press, 1980) ISBN 0674325079, p. 125</ref>

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Early socialist [[Charles Fourier]] (1768–1830) attacked (classical) "liberal retrogression" (i.e., ''laissez faire'' capitalism) for what he called "monstrous actions, such as the admission of the Jews to the rights of citizens" which, he wrote, introduce into society "parasites, unproductives." He added, "The Jewish nation is not civilised ... it devotes itself exclusively to traffic, to usury, and to mercantile depravity ... Every government having regard to good morals ought to repress the Jews," whom Fourier described as "all parasites, merchants, usurers, etc."<ref>Charles Fourier (Tr. Julian H. Franklin), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=w2CgXn5jAm8C Selections from the Works of Fourier]'' (Allen & Unwin, 1901), p. 96. Cf. Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' [W. W. Norton & Company, 1999] ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> Fourier's disciple, Alphonse Toussenel, called Jews "the kings of the epoch," writing that "Europe is entailed to the domination of Israel. This universal domination, of which so many conquerors have dreamed, the Jews have in their hands."<ref>George Lichtheim, "Socialism and the Jews," [http://search.opinionarchives.com/Dissent_Web/DigitalArchive.aspx?panes=1&aid=01504314_1 ''Dissent'', Vol. 15, No. 4 (July 1968)], p. 320</ref> "[I]ndustrial feudalism"—as Toussenel called capitalism—"is personified in the cosmopolitan Jew."<ref>Jacob Katz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeH_uNpWbZAC From prejudice to destruction: anti-Semitism, 1700-1933]'' (Harvard University Press, 1980) ISBN 0674325079, p. 125</ref>

===Dühring===

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===L'Affaire Dreyfus/"J'Accuse"===

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When the bourgeois<ref>"M. Doumic on Victor Hugo as a Bourgeois," Boston ''Transcript'' (reprinted in Theodore Stanton, "M. René Doumic," New York ''Evening Post'', March 24, 1898, as cited in [http://books.google.com/books?id=Y94aAAAAYAAJ ''Public Opinion'', Vol. XXIV, No. 12] (~~January-June~~, 1898), p. 374</ref> [[Victor Hugo]], a cultural Catholic,<ref>John Andrew Frey, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=olFboDm4bcgC A Victor Hugo encyclopedia]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999) ISBN 0313298963, p. 222</ref> defended [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer scapegoated by the French army, the French socialist press published a manifesto denouncing Hugo's crusade on the grounds that Jewish capitalists would use the rehabilitation of a single Jew to wash out "all the sins of Israel."<ref>Joseph Telushkin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bIHtJzYCkqEC Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People, and Its History]'' (HarperCollins, 2008) ISBN 0061374989, p. 275</ref>

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When the bourgeois<ref>"M. Doumic on Victor Hugo as a Bourgeois," Boston ''Transcript'' (reprinted in Theodore Stanton, "M. René Doumic," New York ''Evening Post'', March 24, 1898, as cited in [http://books.google.com/books?id=Y94aAAAAYAAJ ''Public Opinion'', Vol. XXIV, No. 12] (January–June, 1898), p. 374</ref> [[Victor Hugo]], a cultural Catholic,<ref>John Andrew Frey, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=olFboDm4bcgC A Victor Hugo encyclopedia]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999) ISBN 0313298963, p. 222</ref> defended [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer scapegoated by the French army, the French socialist press published a manifesto denouncing Hugo's crusade on the grounds that Jewish capitalists would use the rehabilitation of a single Jew to wash out "all the sins of Israel."<ref>Joseph Telushkin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bIHtJzYCkqEC Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People, and Its History]'' (HarperCollins, 2008) ISBN 0061374989, p. 275</ref>

===Hyndman===

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===Dreiser===

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[[Theodore Dreiser]], an [[atheist]]<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881224,00.html Religion: Atheist's Oath]," ''Time'', August 20, 1928</ref> as well as a [[Communist]],"<ref>Theodore Dreiser, "Request to Become a Communist," ''[[The Daily Worker]]'', July 30, 1945, reprinted in Albert Fried, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mLJbT3NMbN4C Communism in America: A History in Documents]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997) ISBN 0231102356, pp. 348-350</ref> was also a virulent [[anti-Semite]]<ref>"the Jew ... has been in America all of two hundred years, and he has not faded into a pure American by any means, and he will not. As I said before, he maintains his religious dogmas and his racial sympathies, race characteristics, and race cohesion as against all the types or nationalities surrounding him wheresoever." Dreiser quoted in Lee Bernstein, "The Avengers of Christie: Street Racism and Jewish Working-Class Rebellion in Mike Gold’s 'Jews Without Money''," in Janet Galligani Casey, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=0wLliXDo2iwC The Novel and the American Left: Critical Essays on Depression-Era Fiction]'' (University of Iowa Press, 2004) 1587294753, p. 118</ref> and defender of [[Hitler]].<ref> Dreiser excused the Holocaust, saying that British rule in India "makes Germany's cruelties seem like a pipe dream," and "If Germany can beat England at the game of mass human torture ... it will have to go some." The editor explains in a footnote that Dreiser was parroting the Communist Party line during the Nazi-Soviet pact "by portraying Britain as a greater threat to world democracy and peace than Germany." (Frederic E. Rusch and Donald Pizer, eds., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tQL7UitACW4C Theodore Dreiser: Interviews]'' (University of Illinois Press, 2004) ISBN 0252029437, p. 305) Cf. H. Elias, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=TKtEAAAAYAAJ Letters of Theodore Dreiser: A Selection, vol. 2]'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959), pp. 405, 650–52; Richard Tuerk, “The American Spectator Symposium Controversy: Was Dreiser Anti-Semitic?” ''Prospects 16'' (1991), pp. 367–89; Louis Harap, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mAPvam-n_DYC Creative Awakening: The Jewish Presence in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 1900-1940s],'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987) ISBN 0313253862, pp. 128-132.</ref> New York is a "kike's dream of a ghetto," he wrote; Jews are not "pure Americans" and "lack integrity."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 113</ref>

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[[Theodore Dreiser]], an [[atheist]]<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881224,00.html Religion: Atheist's Oath]," ''Time'', August 20, 1928</ref> as well as a [[Communist]],"<ref>Theodore Dreiser, "Request to Become a Communist," ''[[The Daily Worker]]'', July 30, 1945, reprinted in Albert Fried, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mLJbT3NMbN4C Communism in America: A History in Documents]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997) ISBN 0231102356, pp. 348-350</ref> was also a virulent [[anti-Semite]]<ref>"the Jew ... has been in America all of two hundred years, and he has not faded into a pure American by any means, and he will not. As I said before, he maintains his religious dogmas and his racial sympathies, race characteristics, and race cohesion as against all the types or nationalities surrounding him wheresoever." Dreiser quoted in Lee Bernstein, "The Avengers of Christie: Street Racism and Jewish Working-Class Rebellion in Mike Gold’s 'Jews Without Money''," in Janet Galligani Casey, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=0wLliXDo2iwC The Novel and the American Left: Critical Essays on Depression-Era Fiction]'' (University of Iowa Press, 2004) 1587294753, p. 118</ref> and defender of [[Hitler]].<ref>Dreiser excused the Holocaust, saying that British rule in India "makes Germany's cruelties seem like a pipe dream," and "If Germany can beat England at the game of mass human torture ... it will have to go some." The editor explains in a footnote that Dreiser was parroting the Communist Party line during the Nazi-Soviet pact "by portraying Britain as a greater threat to world democracy and peace than Germany." (Frederic E. Rusch and Donald Pizer, eds., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tQL7UitACW4C Theodore Dreiser: Interviews]'' (University of Illinois Press, 2004) ISBN 0252029437, p. 305) Cf. H. Elias, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=TKtEAAAAYAAJ Letters of Theodore Dreiser: A Selection, vol. 2]'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959), pp. 405, 650–52; Richard Tuerk, “The American Spectator Symposium Controversy: Was Dreiser Anti-Semitic?” ''Prospects 16'' (1991), pp. 367–89; Louis Harap, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mAPvam-n_DYC Creative Awakening: The Jewish Presence in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 1900-1940s],'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987) ISBN 0313253862, pp. 128-132.</ref> New York is a "kike's dream of a ghetto," he wrote; Jews are not "pure Americans" and "lack integrity."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 113</ref>

==Organizations==

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Britain's [[Fabian Society]] (which "set up the banner of socialism militant")<ref>G. Bernard Shaw, "[http://walterschafer.com/fabiansocietyhistory.htm Fabian Tract No. 41: The Fabian Society, Its Early History]," (Fabian Society Reprint, 1899)</ref> hosted a number of anti-Semites, including Beatrice Webb, [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[H.G. Wells]], J.A. Hobson, and [[Oswald Mosley]].

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Beatrice Webb, who played a crucial role in the founding of the Fabian Society, wrote that “the strongest impelling motive of the Jewish race” was “the love of ''profit'' as distinct from other forms of money-earning.” (Italics in original.)<ref>Beatrice Webb, “East London Labour,” ''[http://books.google.com/bookes?id=udcaAAAAYAAJ The Nineteenth Century]'', Vol. XXIV (~~July-December~~ 1888), p. 176.</ref> "A careful study of anti-Semitism, prejudice and accusations might be of great value to many Jews," wrote H.G. Wells, "who do not adequately realize the irritation they inflict."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 112</ref> George Bernard Shaw once exhorted Jews to "stop being Jews and start being human beings."<ref>Shaw Society of America, [http://books.google.com/books?id=HERbAAAAMAAJ The Shaw review, Volumes 3-4] (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1960), p. 13</ref>

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Beatrice Webb, who played a crucial role in the founding of the Fabian Society, wrote that “the strongest impelling motive of the Jewish race” was “the love of ''profit'' as distinct from other forms of money-earning.” (Italics in original.)<ref>Beatrice Webb, “East London Labour,” ''[http://books.google.com/bookes?id=udcaAAAAYAAJ The Nineteenth Century]'', Vol. XXIV (July–December 1888), p. 176.</ref> "A careful study of anti-Semitism, prejudice and accusations might be of great value to many Jews," wrote H.G. Wells, "who do not adequately realize the irritation they inflict."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 112</ref> George Bernard Shaw once exhorted Jews to "stop being Jews and start being human beings."<ref>Shaw Society of America, [http://books.google.com/books?id=HERbAAAAMAAJ The Shaw review, Volumes 3-4] (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1960), p. 13</ref>

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J.A. Hobson blamed London poverty on "the foreign Jew," whom he described as "a terrible competitor. He is ... almost void of social morality. No compunction or consideration for his fellow-worker will keep him from underselling and overreaching them; he acquires a thorough mastery of all the dishonourable tricks of trade which are difficult to restrain by law; the superior calculating intellect, which is a national heritage, is used unsparingly to enable him to take advantage of every weakness, folly, and vice of the society in which he lives."<ref>John A. Hobson, ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10710/10710-h/10710-h.htm Problems of Poverty: An Inquiry into the Industrial Condition of The Poor]'' (1891), Project Gutenberg</ref> "He craves the position of a sweating-master, the lowest step in a ladder that may lead to a life of magnificence, supported out of usury."<ref>Anthony Julius, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England]'' (Oxford University Press, 2010) ISBN 0199297053, p. 405</ref> In his 1898 book ''[http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Hobson/hbsnImp.html Imperialism: A Study]'' ~~-- which~~ would profoundly influence Lenin's ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/ Imperialism, the Higherst Stage of Capitalism]'' (1917) -- Hobson blamed the Boer War on "Jew power."<ref>Anthony Julius,

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J.A. Hobson blamed London poverty on "the foreign Jew," whom he described as "a terrible competitor. He is ... almost void of social morality. No compunction or consideration for his fellow-worker will keep him from underselling and overreaching them; he acquires a thorough mastery of all the dishonourable tricks of trade which are difficult to restrain by law; the superior calculating intellect, which is a national heritage, is used unsparingly to enable him to take advantage of every weakness, folly, and vice of the society in which he lives."<ref>John A. Hobson, ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10710/10710-h/10710-h.htm Problems of Poverty: An Inquiry into the Industrial Condition of The Poor]'' (1891), Project Gutenberg</ref> "He craves the position of a sweating-master, the lowest step in a ladder that may lead to a life of magnificence, supported out of usury."<ref>Anthony Julius, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England]'' (Oxford University Press, 2010) ISBN 0199297053, p. 405</ref> In his 1898 book ''[http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Hobson/hbsnImp.html Imperialism: A Study]''—which would profoundly influence Lenin's ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/ Imperialism, the Higherst Stage of Capitalism]'' (1917) -- Hobson blamed the Boer War on "Jew power."<ref>Anthony Julius,

[http://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England] (Oxford University Press, 2010) ISBN 0199297053, pp. 201-202</ref> That war, he wrote, was fought for the benefit of "a small group of international financiers, chiefly German in origin and Jewish in race."<ref>Bryan Cheyette, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=HTdwPbE6KoIC Constructions of "the Jew" in English Literature and Society: Racial Representations, 1875-1945]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995) ISBN 0521558778, p. 156</ref>

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"Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/184-AS-Main-report.pdf secondary anti-Semitism]. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism."

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Berlin's [[Red Army Faction]] (RAF), a Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them—Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."<ref>''Antisemitismus eigentlich Haß auf Kapitalismus ist.'' George Watson, "Race and the Socialists. On the Progressive Principle of Revolutionary Extermination," ''Encounter'' 47, 1976, pp. 15-18</ref> Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and Holocaust denier,<ref>“[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,550430,00.html One-Man Right-Wing Circus Act: German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting],” ''Der Speigel'' Online International</ref> was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.<ref>”[http://www.ejpress.org/article/12601 Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria],” ''European Jewish Press'', December 29, 2006</ref> Despite being labeled “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("[http://shoabloger.wordpress.com/texts/michael-friedman-interviews-horst-mahler-full-text/ The enemy is the same]")<ref> “Der Feind ist derselbe.” Hoerst Mahler in Michael Friedman, “[https://archive.org/download/Friedman-Michel-Interview-mit-Horst-Mahler-und-Sylvia-Stolz/FriedmanMichel-InterviewMitHorstMahlerUndSylviaStolz200789S.Text.pdf So spricht man mit Nazis],” ''Vanity Fair (German edition), November, 2007, p. 17</ref> since his days as an informant for the Stasi,<ref>Helen Pidd, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-m einhof-gang-founder-stasi Baader-Meinhof terrorist may have worked for the Stasi]," ''The Guardian'', August 1, 2011</ref> the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and network of safehouses in West Belin.)<ref>John Schmeidel "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529308432225#preview My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 8, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 59–72.</ref> In 1976, the Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist<ref>Edmund L. Andrews and John Kifner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html George Habash, 82, founder of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine], ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2008</ref> terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref> In 1979, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group, seized control of the government of Nicaragua, supporting a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>

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Berlin's [[Red Army Faction]] (RAF), a Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them—Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."<ref>''Antisemitismus eigentlich Haß auf Kapitalismus ist.'' George Watson, "Race and the Socialists. On the Progressive Principle of Revolutionary Extermination," ''Encounter'' 47, 1976, pp. 15-18</ref> Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and Holocaust denier,<ref>“[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,550430,00.html One-Man Right-Wing Circus Act: German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting],” ''Der Speigel'' Online International</ref> was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.<ref>”[http://www.ejpress.org/article/12601 Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria],” ''European Jewish Press'', December 29, 2006</ref> Despite being labeled “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("[http://shoabloger.wordpress.com/texts/michael-friedman-interviews-horst-mahler-full-text/ The enemy is the same]")<ref>“Der Feind ist derselbe.” Hoerst Mahler in Michael Friedman, “[https://archive.org/download/Friedman-Michel-Interview-mit-Horst-Mahler-und-Sylvia-Stolz/FriedmanMichel-InterviewMitHorstMahlerUndSylviaStolz200789S.Text.pdf So spricht man mit Nazis],” ''Vanity Fair (German edition), November, 2007, p. 17</ref> since his days as an informant for the Stasi,<ref>Helen Pidd, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-m einhof-gang-founder-stasi Baader-Meinhof terrorist may have worked for the Stasi]," ''The Guardian'', August 1, 2011</ref> the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and network of safehouses in West Belin.)<ref>John Schmeidel "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529308432225#preview My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 8, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 59–72.</ref> In 1976, the Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist<ref>Edmund L. Andrews and John Kifner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html George Habash, 82, founder of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine], ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2008</ref> terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref> In 1979, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group, seized control of the government of Nicaragua, supporting a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018</ref>

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{{cquote|In 1979 many of the country's approximately 250 Jews fled abroad in the face of persecution and imprisonment by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The FSLN bombed and partially destroyed the country's only synagogue, then confiscated the property shortly afterward and converted it into a youth training camp.<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5681.htm Nicaragua], Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (U.S. Department of State, 2001). Cf. Elliott Abrams, "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v84/ai_3408623/?tag=content;col1 Persecution and Restrictions of Religion in Nicaragua]," (Transcript), ''Department of State bulletin'', ~~October-December~~ 1984, pp. 49-50</ref>}}

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{{cquote|In 1979 many of the country's approximately 250 Jews fled abroad in the face of persecution and imprisonment by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The FSLN bombed and partially destroyed the country's only synagogue, then confiscated the property shortly afterward and converted it into a youth training camp.<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5681.htm Nicaragua], Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (U.S. Department of State, 2001). Cf. Elliott Abrams, "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v84/ai_3408623/?tag=content;col1 Persecution and Restrictions of Religion in Nicaragua]," (Transcript), ''Department of State bulletin'', October–December 1984, pp. 49-50</ref>}}

In 1985, the Palestinian Liberation Front, then a [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/palestinian_liberation_front.asp Communist group], which had hijacked an Italian cruise ship, the MS ''Achille Lauro'', murdered 69-year-old passenger Leon Klinghoffer, an American, shooting him to death and rolling his wheelchair off the deck, dumping his body into the ocean. The PLF singled out Klinghoffer for murder [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-04-17/news/0304161228_1_achille-lauro-abul-abbas-palestinian-authority because he was Jewish].

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That year, one academic, Michael Neumann, Professor of Philosophy at Canada's Trent University, wrote that he wants to

{{cquote|help the Palestinians.... I am not interested in the truth, or justice, or understanding, or anything else, except so far as it serves that purpose. If an effective strategy means that some truths about the Jews don’t come to light, I don’t care. If an effective strategy means encouraging reasonable anti-Semitism, or reasonable hostility to Jews, I also don’t care. If it means encouraging vicious racist anti-Semitism, or the destruction of the State of Israel, I still don’t care.<ref>Yoni Petel, "Antisemitism on Campus: A Student's Perspective," League for Human Rights, B'nai B'rith of Canada, ''[http://www.bnaibrith.ca/briefs/klein/klein030925.html Submission to the Special Rapporteur on Racism]'', Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, September 25, 2003</ref>}}

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According to the progressive magazine ''Tikkun'', "A.N.S.W.E.R. refuses to acknowledge or support the right of the Jewish people to national self-determination—though it supports that right for every other group with a history of oppression. When Jews are denied the rights of others, it is a tell-tale sign of anti-Semitism."<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20041019075845/http://www.tikkun.org/magazine/index.cfm/action/tikkun/issue/tik0305/article/030512a.html Authoritarianism and Anti-Semitism in the Anti-War Movement?]," ''Tikkun'', ~~May-June~~ 2003</ref>

+

According to the progressive magazine ''Tikkun'', "A.N.S.W.E.R. refuses to acknowledge or support the right of the Jewish people to national self-determination—though it supports that right for every other group with a history of oppression. When Jews are denied the rights of others, it is a tell-tale sign of anti-Semitism."<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20041019075845/http://www.tikkun.org/magazine/index.cfm/action/tikkun/issue/tik0305/article/030512a.html Authoritarianism and Anti-Semitism in the Anti-War Movement?]," ''Tikkun'', May–June 2003</ref>

{{cquote|[L]eftists who despise their own capitalist societies inevitably come to sympathize with militants—communists, Tier-mondistes, Islamists, it doesn't make any difference—who attack those societies from without. Right now, the only corner of the world putting up any sort of serious ideological fight against Western-style capitalism and liberalism is the Muslim Middle East. So, just as the left uncritically swallowed Stalin's propaganda in the 1930s, expect the left to increasingly swallow Arabist propaganda in our own era. And since one of the key elements of Arabist propaganda is a hatred of Israel and a suspicion of Jews, these building blocks of anti-Semitism will become more and more a part of mainstream leftist discourse.<ref>Johnathan Kay, quoted in Jamie Glazov, Symposium: "[http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=19272 Anti-Semitism - the New Call of the Left]," FrontPageMagazine.com, March 14, 2003</ref>}}

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Thus in 2009, the "progressive" webzine Counterpunch.org, edited by Alexander Cockburn, son of Soviet agent<ref>Chapman Pincher, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=netJI5stGlwC Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders, and Cover-ups: Six Decades of Espionage against America and Great Britain]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 140006807X, pp. 43-47</ref> Claud Cockburn, could publish a revival of the "Blood Libel," alleging that Israeli Jews were killing Palestinian Muslims to harvest their organs.<ref>Alison Weir, "[http://www.counterpunch.org/weir08282009.html Israeli Organ Harvesting]," Counterpunch.org, August ~~28-30~~, 2009) Cf. David Horowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=azE5qoXTgoAC Unholy alliance: radical Islam and the American left]'' (Regnery Publishing, 2004) ISBN 089526076X, p. 148</ref> By 2011, the Anti-Defamation League had documented the growing list of [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413064836/http://archive.adl.org:80/main_extremism/occupy_wall_street.html#.WY5m_lGQzIU anti-semitic incidents] at rallies of the left-wing "Occupy" movement. A 2012 survey of 5,847 Jews in the European Union found that more than three out of four said anti-Semitism had increased over the preceding five years, and more respondents blamed perpetrators of the most serious incidents on the political left than the right, according to the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency.<ref>European Union Fundamental Rights Agency, [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism] (Vienna: EU-FRA, 2013) ISBN 978-92-9239-262-8, p. 13</ref> Researchers at Tel Aviv University reported that anti-Semitic violence worldwide surged 40 percent in 2014.<ref>Kim Hjelmgaard, "[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/04/15/jewish-anti-semitic-attacks-western-europe/25807273/ Anti-Semitic violence surged 40% worldwide last year]," ''USA Today'', April 16, 2015</ref>

+

Thus in 2009, the "progressive" webzine Counterpunch.org, edited by Alexander Cockburn, son of Soviet agent<ref>Chapman Pincher, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=netJI5stGlwC Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders, and Cover-ups: Six Decades of Espionage against America and Great Britain]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 140006807X, pp. 43-47</ref> Claud Cockburn, could publish a revival of the "Blood Libel," alleging that Israeli Jews were killing Palestinian Muslims to harvest their organs.<ref>Alison Weir, "[http://www.counterpunch.org/weir08282009.html Israeli Organ Harvesting]," Counterpunch.org, August 28–30, 2009) Cf. David Horowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=azE5qoXTgoAC Unholy alliance: radical Islam and the American left]'' (Regnery Publishing, 2004) ISBN 089526076X, p. 148</ref> By 2011, the Anti-Defamation League had documented the growing list of [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413064836/http://archive.adl.org:80/main_extremism/occupy_wall_street.html#.WY5m_lGQzIU anti-semitic incidents] at rallies of the left-wing "Occupy" movement. A 2012 survey of 5,847 Jews in the European Union found that more than three out of four said anti-Semitism had increased over the preceding five years, and more respondents blamed perpetrators of the most serious incidents on the political left than the right, according to the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency.<ref>European Union Fundamental Rights Agency, [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism] (Vienna: EU-FRA, 2013) ISBN 978-92-9239-262-8, p. 13</ref> Researchers at Tel Aviv University reported that anti-Semitic violence worldwide surged 40 percent in 2014.<ref>Kim Hjelmgaard, "[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/04/15/jewish-anti-semitic-attacks-western-europe/25807273/ Anti-Semitic violence surged 40% worldwide last year]," ''USA Today'', April 16, 2015</ref>

"[T]he left's anti-Semitism—which, of course, it never acknowledges and fervently denies—rather than the right's conventional version of this hatred comprises the key ingredient of anti-Semitism's current European existence."<ref>Andrei S. Markovits, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=1754&TTL=%22Twin_Brothers%22:_European_Anti-Semitism_and_Anti-Americanism 'Twin Brothers': European Anti-Semitism and Anti-Americanism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 6 [January 2006] Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref> Antisemitism may be found within much contemporary "antihegemonic, radical, liberal and socialist" discourse, admits David Hirsh of the University of London, who concedes that "antisemitism is a live and virulent threat."<ref>David Hirsh, Book Review: "[http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/book/ Perry and Schweitzer, ''Antisemitic myths: a historical and contemporary anthology'']," ''[http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01419870.asp Ethnic and Racial Studies]'', Vol. 32, No. 4 (May 2009), pp. 749-750</ref> "[T]he locus of anti-Semitism has moved from the right side of the political spectrum to the left ... These days, the hatemongers targeting Jews’ right to live peacefully spout the mantras of 'social justice' and 'peace studies,' not racial purity."<ref>Jonathan Kay, "[http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/03/02/jonathan-kay-on-the-lesson-from-israel-apartheid-week-anti-semitism-is-now-a-creature-of-the-left.aspx The lesson from Israel Apartheid Week: Anti-Semitism is now a creature of the left]," ''National Post'', March 2, 2009</ref>

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Europe, which has seen [[European migrant crisis|millions of Muslim migrants enter]] due to the [[European Union]]'s [[open borders]] policies, has also seen large numbers of Jews immigrate to Israel due to Europe's anti-Semitism.<ref>Heller, Aron (January 14, 2016). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/anti-semitism-drives-record-high-western-european-immigration-to-israel/ Anti-Semitism drives record-high Western European immigration to Israel]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref><ref>Sherwood, Harriet (January 12, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/12/rise-in-numbers-of-jews-leaving-europe-for-israel-is-not-an-exodus Rise in numbers of Jews leaving for Israel from some European countries]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref><ref>Edmunds, Donna Rachel (February 15, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/02/15/video-jewish-flight-from-rising-anti-semitism-serves-as-warning-to-whole-of-europe/ VIDEO: Jewish Flight From Rising Anti-Semitism Serves as Warning to Whole of Europe]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref> Additionally, according to the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights in 2013, one-third of all European Jews due to fears of security caused by anti-Semitism.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/poll-european-jews-report-rise-in-anti-semitism/ A third of Europe’s Jews have weighed leaving because of safety fears]. ''The Times of Israel'' (from the ''Associated Press''). November 8, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref><ref>Shapiro, Ben (November 8, 2013). [http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2013/11/08/survey-jews-europe/ Survey: 1/3 Jews Consider Leaving Europe Thanks to Rise of Leftist, Muslim Anti-Semitism]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref> According to a study released by the University of Oslo in June 2017, which examined anti-Semitism between 2005 and 2015 in seven European nations, large proportions of European Jews felt unsafe in their home countries and were considering immigrating to Israel, including half of all French Jews.<ref>Miller, Abraham H. (July 5, 2017). [http://www.jns.org/latest-articles/2017/7/5/new-study-reveals-europes-rising-anti-semitism-forces-jews-to-leave-or-hide#.Wlzog6inFPY= New study reveals Europe’s rising anti-Semitism forces Jews to leave or hide]. ''Jewish News Service''. January 15, 2018.</ref> By 2016, Jews were leaving France in record numbers,<ref>Kent, Simon (January 26, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2016/01/26/jews-leave-france-for-israel-in-record-numbers-anti-semitism-and-terrorism-fears-drive-exodus/ Jews Leave France for Israel in Record Numbers: Anti-Semitism and Terrorism Fears Drive Exodus]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2018.<br>

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