The [[Supreme Court]] of the United States held in the ''Civil Rights Cases'' (1883) that the [[Fourteenth Amendment]] did not give the federal government the power to outlaw private discrimination. In an even more important decision, the Court held in ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'' (1896) that Jim Crow laws were constitutional as long as they allowed for "separate but equal" facilities. Everyone knew that the "equal" in "separate but equal" was a technicality, and that gross inequality was tolerated in practice.
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The [[Supreme Court]] of the United States held in the ''Civil Rights Cases'' (1883) that the [[Fourteenth Amendment]] did not give the federal government the power to outlaw private discrimination. In an even more important decision, the Court held in ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'' (1896) that Jim Crow laws were constitutional as long as they allowed for "separate but equal" facilities. Of course, in practice facilities were nowhere near "equal"; facilities for Whites were in far better condition than those for Blacks.