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Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation =SN 1604<br/>G4.5+6.8 | rightascension =17<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup> 41.5<sup>s</sup><ref name=spitzer>[http://www.spitzer...."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =SN 1604<br/>G4.5+6.8
| rightascension =17<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup> 41.5<sup>s</sup><ref name=spitzer>[http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/1278-ssc2004-15a1-Composite-View-of-Kepler-s-Supernova-Remnant-SN-1604 Composite View of Kepler's Supernova Remnant - SN 1604] from spitzer.caltech.edu</ref>
| declination =-21° 29′ 31.2″<ref name=spitzer/>
| distance =13,000 ly<ref name=spitzer/>
| constellation =Ophiuchus
| type =Supernova
| dimensions =5.0 x 5.0 arcminutes<ref name=spitzer/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: -2.5 (peak)<ref name=seds>[http://spider.seds.org/spider/Vars/sn1604.html SN 1604, Kepler's Supernova] from messier.seds.org</ref><br/>Absolute Mag: -15.5<ref>From definition of absolute [[star magnitude|magnitude]], using apparent magnitude (-2.5) and distance (13,000 ly) given here.</ref>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =
| propmotion =
| parallax =
}}
'''Kepler's supernova''' (SN 1604, G4.5+6.8) was a [[supernova]] that took place in the [[constellation]] of [[Ophiuchus]].<ref name=seds/> Today, there is a supernova remnant visible in its location. The supernova is named after [[Johannes Kepler]] who was one of the first people to observe it and is the last known supernova to have occurred in the [[Milky Way]].<ref name=seds/><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Keplers-Nova Kepler's supernova] from britannica.com</ref>
==History==
The supernova was discovered simultaneously by several people on October 9, 1604 where it appears as a more luminous [[star]] than any other in the sky.<ref name=seds/> Jan Brunowski saw the supernova and informed [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]]. The reason so many people saw the supernova is likely due to the [[conjunction]] of the [[planet]]s [[Mars]], [[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]] that took place on this day.<ref name=arxiv>Vink J. (2016) Supernova 1604, Kepler’s Supernova, and Its Remnant. In: Alsabti A., Murdin P. (eds) Handbook of Supernovae. Springer, Cham. On [https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.06905 ArXiv]</ref> Kepler first observed the object a week later on October 17 due to bad weather and, inspired by [[Tycho Brahe]]'s investigations of the earlier supernova [[SN 1572]], began studying it. The supernova was approximately the same brightness as Mars and after a matter of days was brighter than Jupiter. It stopped being visible to the naked eye in November of that year but reemerged in January 1605 where it was brighter than the [[star]] [[Antares]].<ref name=seds/> Kepler continued his observations until March 1606 when it became invisible. The supernova was visible for around 18 months. Like Tycho's supernova, it was evidence that the [[star]]s were not mutable.
Later in 1941, astronomers utilised the [[Mount Wilson Observatory]]'s 100 inch [[telescope]] to identify the remnant.<ref name=seds/> Then in 1943, Walter Baade used the measurements taken by Kepler and Johannes Fabricius to determine the light curve for the supernova, a plot of how its brightness varied over time.<ref name=mag>Baade, W. (1942) "Nova Ophiuchi of 1604 as a Supernova.," ''Astrophysical Journal'', vol. 97, p.119. On the [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1943ApJ....97..119B Astronomy Abstract Service]</ref> He determined it was likely a Type I supernova and have a peak [[star magnitude|magnitude]] of -2.2.
==Properties and Structure==
Situated in the [[constellation]] of [[Ophiuchus]], the nebula is thought to be located some 13,000 [[light year]]s away.<ref name=spitzer/> This makes the remnant's apparent size of 5.0 x 5.0 arcminutes correspond to a physical size of around 14 ly. The nebula is expanding rapdily at 2,000 km/s. It is believed the nebula reached a peak apparent [[star magnitude]] of -2.2.<ref name=mag/> Today the nebula has a magnitude of +19.<ref name=seds/> The [[supernova]] created a shockwave, the effects of which can be seen in the remaining nebula today.
The remnant has been studied using [[NASA]'s [[Hubble Space Telescope]], [[Chandra|X-ray observatory]] and its [[Spitzer space telescope]]. The [[x-ray]] data collected by Chandra has revealed areas containing very [[energy|energetic]] [[subatomic particle|particles]] and extremely hot [[gas]].<ref name=spitzer/> It is thought these x-rays are generated by high energy [[electron]]s. These were created by the shockwave the [[supernova]] produced. Lower energy x-rays are also emitted from a shell in the heart of the nebula.<ref name=spitzer/>
Observations in the [[visible light|optical]] regions of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] have revealed where the shockwave hits high [[density]] regions of gas.<ref name=spitzer/> After the shock wave passes, these denser regions form bright knots and filaments. [[Infrared]] images of the nebula have shown microscopic [[dust]] particles that have been heated by the shockwave and brightest where in the knots and filaments.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]
| image =
| designation =SN 1604<br/>G4.5+6.8
| rightascension =17<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup> 41.5<sup>s</sup><ref name=spitzer>[http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/1278-ssc2004-15a1-Composite-View-of-Kepler-s-Supernova-Remnant-SN-1604 Composite View of Kepler's Supernova Remnant - SN 1604] from spitzer.caltech.edu</ref>
| declination =-21° 29′ 31.2″<ref name=spitzer/>
| distance =13,000 ly<ref name=spitzer/>
| constellation =Ophiuchus
| type =Supernova
| dimensions =5.0 x 5.0 arcminutes<ref name=spitzer/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: -2.5 (peak)<ref name=seds>[http://spider.seds.org/spider/Vars/sn1604.html SN 1604, Kepler's Supernova] from messier.seds.org</ref><br/>Absolute Mag: -15.5<ref>From definition of absolute [[star magnitude|magnitude]], using apparent magnitude (-2.5) and distance (13,000 ly) given here.</ref>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =
| propmotion =
| parallax =
}}
'''Kepler's supernova''' (SN 1604, G4.5+6.8) was a [[supernova]] that took place in the [[constellation]] of [[Ophiuchus]].<ref name=seds/> Today, there is a supernova remnant visible in its location. The supernova is named after [[Johannes Kepler]] who was one of the first people to observe it and is the last known supernova to have occurred in the [[Milky Way]].<ref name=seds/><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Keplers-Nova Kepler's supernova] from britannica.com</ref>
==History==
The supernova was discovered simultaneously by several people on October 9, 1604 where it appears as a more luminous [[star]] than any other in the sky.<ref name=seds/> Jan Brunowski saw the supernova and informed [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]]. The reason so many people saw the supernova is likely due to the [[conjunction]] of the [[planet]]s [[Mars]], [[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]] that took place on this day.<ref name=arxiv>Vink J. (2016) Supernova 1604, Kepler’s Supernova, and Its Remnant. In: Alsabti A., Murdin P. (eds) Handbook of Supernovae. Springer, Cham. On [https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.06905 ArXiv]</ref> Kepler first observed the object a week later on October 17 due to bad weather and, inspired by [[Tycho Brahe]]'s investigations of the earlier supernova [[SN 1572]], began studying it. The supernova was approximately the same brightness as Mars and after a matter of days was brighter than Jupiter. It stopped being visible to the naked eye in November of that year but reemerged in January 1605 where it was brighter than the [[star]] [[Antares]].<ref name=seds/> Kepler continued his observations until March 1606 when it became invisible. The supernova was visible for around 18 months. Like Tycho's supernova, it was evidence that the [[star]]s were not mutable.
Later in 1941, astronomers utilised the [[Mount Wilson Observatory]]'s 100 inch [[telescope]] to identify the remnant.<ref name=seds/> Then in 1943, Walter Baade used the measurements taken by Kepler and Johannes Fabricius to determine the light curve for the supernova, a plot of how its brightness varied over time.<ref name=mag>Baade, W. (1942) "Nova Ophiuchi of 1604 as a Supernova.," ''Astrophysical Journal'', vol. 97, p.119. On the [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1943ApJ....97..119B Astronomy Abstract Service]</ref> He determined it was likely a Type I supernova and have a peak [[star magnitude|magnitude]] of -2.2.
==Properties and Structure==
Situated in the [[constellation]] of [[Ophiuchus]], the nebula is thought to be located some 13,000 [[light year]]s away.<ref name=spitzer/> This makes the remnant's apparent size of 5.0 x 5.0 arcminutes correspond to a physical size of around 14 ly. The nebula is expanding rapdily at 2,000 km/s. It is believed the nebula reached a peak apparent [[star magnitude]] of -2.2.<ref name=mag/> Today the nebula has a magnitude of +19.<ref name=seds/> The [[supernova]] created a shockwave, the effects of which can be seen in the remaining nebula today.
The remnant has been studied using [[NASA]'s [[Hubble Space Telescope]], [[Chandra|X-ray observatory]] and its [[Spitzer space telescope]]. The [[x-ray]] data collected by Chandra has revealed areas containing very [[energy|energetic]] [[subatomic particle|particles]] and extremely hot [[gas]].<ref name=spitzer/> It is thought these x-rays are generated by high energy [[electron]]s. These were created by the shockwave the [[supernova]] produced. Lower energy x-rays are also emitted from a shell in the heart of the nebula.<ref name=spitzer/>
Observations in the [[visible light|optical]] regions of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] have revealed where the shockwave hits high [[density]] regions of gas.<ref name=spitzer/> After the shock wave passes, these denser regions form bright knots and filaments. [[Infrared]] images of the nebula have shown microscopic [[dust]] particles that have been heated by the shockwave and brightest where in the knots and filaments.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]