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→Modernism and liberal Christianity: add section on SBC
=== Presbyterians ===
=== Presbyterians ===
Different views of the role of Christianity in the face of the growth of modern science and research methods fueled the conflict between the liberal modernist and conservative fundamentalist factions of the Presbyterian Church during the 1920s-30s. Modernists such as [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]], Henry Sloane Coffin, and Robert E. Speer promoted inclusiveness and denied the inerrancy of scripture, while fundamentalists such as [[J. Gresham Machen]], Clarence MacArtney, and [[William Jennings Bryan]] defended traditional doctrine. The fundamentalist cause, popularly identified with antievolutionism, was damaged during the [[Scopes Trial|trial in Tennessee of biology teacher John Scopes in 1925]] for teaching eolution. In 1929, fundamentalist leaders Machen and Macartney left their positions at the [[Princeton Theological Seminary]] to found the [[Westminster Theological Seminary]] to defend the reformed faith.<ref>Bradley J. Longfield, "For Church and Country: The Fundamentalist-Modernist Conflict in the Presbyterian Church". ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' 2000 78(1): 34-50. 0022-3883</ref>
Different views of the role of Christianity in the face of the growth of modern science and research methods fueled the conflict between the liberal modernist and conservative fundamentalist factions of the Presbyterian Church during the 1920s-30s. Modernists such as [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]], Henry Sloane Coffin, and Robert E. Speer promoted inclusiveness and denied the inerrancy of scripture, while fundamentalists such as [[J. Gresham Machen]], Clarence MacArtney, and [[William Jennings Bryan]] defended traditional doctrine. The fundamentalist cause, popularly identified with antievolutionism, was damaged during the [[Scopes Trial|trial in Tennessee of biology teacher John Scopes in 1925]] for teaching eolution. In 1929, fundamentalist leaders Machen and Macartney left their positions at the [[Princeton Theological Seminary]] to found the [[Westminster Theological Seminary]] to defend the reformed faith.<ref>Bradley J. Longfield, "For Church and Country: The Fundamentalist-Modernist Conflict in the Presbyterian Church". ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' 2000 78(1): 34-50. 0022-3883</ref>
=== Southern Baptists ===
The fundamentalist-modernist controversy reached the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] about the same time as it did in the Presbyterian Church. Led by preachers such as [[J. Frank Norris]] (who railed against "liberalism" in SBC universities), many churches withdrew from the SBC, and sizable portions of churches remaining split off and formed new congregations. Though some smaller denominations (such as the [[American Baptist Association]]) would form, the majority of congregations would not align with another denomination; the [[Independent Baptist]] movement gained significant momentum as a result.
With the Conservative Resurgence of the 1980's and 1990's bringing some measure of conservatism back to the SBC, formerly independent churches either joined or returned to the SBC; Norris' own church (First Baptist Church of Fort Worth) would later rejoin the SBC and remains a member to this day.<ref>http://sbtexas.com/affiliated-churches/first-baptist-church-of-fort-worth/1017/</ref>
=== Disciples of Christ and Church of Christ ===
=== Disciples of Christ and Church of Christ ===