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Peter (and Paul) did firmly establish and confirm a church founded in Rome in A.D. 42<ref>Archaeological evidence cited:

Peter (and Paul) did firmly establish and confirm a church founded in Rome in A.D. 42<ref>Archaeological evidence cited:

*[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/general/rome.htm Was St. Peter in Rome? archaeological evidence (catholicapologetics.info)]

*[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/general/rome.htm Was St. Peter in Rome? archaeological evidence (catholicapologetics.info)]

*[https://www.catholic.com/tract/was-peter-in-rome Was Peter in Rome? (catholic.com)]</ref><ref>Paul was not the original founder of the church in Rome. See [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans1:8-15&version=KJV Romans 1:8-15].</ref> and Peter served as the bishop for 25 years until A.D. 67 when he was [[martyr]]ed. However, the primacy of the bishop of Rome as patriarch in the Western Roman Empire, always acknowledged as "first in dignity", was not unequivocally established as having ''[[Jurisdiction|juridical]]'' primacy for several centuries, and even then a claim to universal primacy "based on history, reason and scripture"<ref>[[First Vatican Council]] of 1870</ref> was rejected by eastern bishops who guide the Eastern Orthodox Church under the leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Primacy_and_Unity_in_Orthodox_Ecclesiology Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>

*[https://www.catholic.com/tract/was-peter-in-rome Was Peter in Rome? (catholic.com)]</ref><ref>Paul was not the original founder of the church in Rome. See [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans1:8-15&version=KJV Romans 1:8-15].</ref> and Peter served as the bishop for 25 years until A.D. 67 when he was [[martyr]]ed. Paul's [[letter to the Romans]] most clearly and plainly is written to an already established Christian community that he himself had never before seen or visited, and is therefore written to a church obviously founded by someone other than himself.<ref>See '''Romans 1:11-13; 15:22-24'''. Writers who assert that the Apostle Paul is actually the one who founded the church in Rome are either ignorant of scripture, or they are lying. If they have in fact actually read the Bible, especially ''Romans'', but still insist beyond any doubt that Paul himself by the Holy Spirit originally founded the church in Rome, and they are not lying, but only unknowingly repeating a falsehood, then they are blinded by a false doctrine which teaches that Paul was the real founder of the Christian community of believers in Rome, a doctrine in opposition to the clear teaching of the Bible. Writers and denominations that teach this false doctrine should be avoided, but if they are unavoidable, then they should be calmly and gently corrected by simply pointing out and emphasizing these passages in ''Romans''. <br>See Titus 3:10-11; James 5:19-20; 2 Peter 3:15-18. <br>Compare [[Falsehood]], [[Lie]] and [[Deceit]].<br>See also [[Cafeteria Christian#Proof text|Proof text]].</ref> However, the primacy of the bishop of Rome as patriarch in the Western Roman Empire, always acknowledged as "first in dignity", was not unequivocally established as having ''[[Jurisdiction|juridical]]'' primacy for several centuries, and even then a claim to universal primacy "based on history, reason and scripture"<ref>[[First Vatican Council]] of 1870</ref> was rejected by eastern bishops who guide the Eastern Orthodox Church under the leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Primacy_and_Unity_in_Orthodox_Ecclesiology Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>

===Early history to 350===

===Early history to 350===