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new section VICARIUS FILII DEI
The '''Number of the Beast''', or Mark of the Beast, is a mysterious phrase used in [[Revelation]]:{{cquote|This calls for wisdom: let the one who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man, and his number is 666.<ref>Revelation 13:18, ESV.</ref>}}The number seven represents perfection in the Bible. As six is somewhat less than seven, it can be considered beastly. The invitation to calculate implies that a code of some kind is being used. The phrase "number of a man" suggests that the number represents a personal name. The letters of the name "Nero Caesar," emperor at the time Revelation was written, adds up to 666<ref>In some translations the number is 616 rather than 666.</ref> when written in Hebrew characters. "Many interpreters expect a future, greater fulfillment in a world ruler who is violently opposed to God and his people," according to the ''ESV Study Bible.''<ref>Crossway Bibles. ESV Study Bible (Kindle Locations 330753-330754). Crossway. Kindle Edition.</ref>
The '''Number of the Beast''', or Mark of the Beast, is a mysterious phrase used in [[Revelation]]{{cquote|This calls for wisdom: let the one who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man, and his number is 666.<ref>Revelation 13:18, ESV.</ref>}}The number seven represents perfection in the Bible. As six is somewhat less than seven, it can be considered beastly. The invitation to calculate implies that a code of some kind is being used. The phrase "number of a man" suggests that the number represents a personal name. The letters of the name "Nero Caesar," emperor at the time Revelation was written, adds up to 666<ref>In some translations the number is 616 rather than 666.</ref> when written in Hebrew characters. "Many interpreters expect a future, greater fulfillment in a world ruler who is violently opposed to God and his people," according to the ''ESV Study Bible.''<ref>Crossway Bibles. ESV Study Bible (Kindle Locations 330753-330754). Crossway. Kindle Edition.</ref>
==Meaning of the Number==
==Meaning of the Number==
Interestingly, [[Number|Arabic numbers]] (1,2,3,4,5,6...) were not added in the Bible until the invention of the [[printing press]], but the letters of Roman numerals were the standard form of numbers in hand copied western manuscripts (I,II,III,IV,V, VI.../ i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi...), and later for chapter number headings in printed books, for example in older King James Bibles printed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and in tables of content in books and for designating major headings in outlines of written material. In Hebrew and Greek Bibles, all the letters of the alphabet−which also have numerical values−are used as chapter and verse numbers.
Interestingly, [[Number|Arabic numbers]] (1,2,3,4,5,6...) were not added in the Bible until the invention of the [[printing press]], but the letters of Roman numerals were the standard form of numbers in hand copied western manuscripts (I,II,III,IV,V, VI.../ i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi...), and later for chapter number headings in printed books, for example in older King James Bibles printed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and in tables of content in books and for designating major headings in outlines of written material. In Hebrew and Greek Bibles, all the letters of the alphabet−which also have numerical values−are used as chapter and verse numbers.
== <small>VICARIUS FILII DEI</small> ==
According to the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-Day Adventist]] author of the article, "False Religions: List of Catholic Heresies and Human Traditions Adopted and Perpetuated by the Roman Catholic Church in the course of 1600 years", compiled by Rev. Stephen L. Testa<ref>[http://jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/Roman%20Catholicism/catholic_heresies-a_list.htm "False Religions: List of Catholic Heresies and Human Traditions Adopted and Perpetuated by the Roman Catholic Church in the course of 1600 years", By Rev. Stephen L. Testa (jesus-is-savior.com)]. The first heresy that Pastor Testa lists is ''"Wax candles introduced into the church"'' in the year 320. The selective use of [[Cafeteria Christians#Proof texts|Proof texts]] in the article is a classic example of [[Confirmation bias]] for the purpose of [[Polemic]].'' </ref>, the number of the Beast 666 is the number of the title VICARIUS FILII DEI "''Vicar of the Son of God''".
However, the name of the woman who started [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-Day Adventism]], Ellen Gould White, in Latin characters, calculated by the value of Latin characters as Roman numerals, also adds up to 666:
:E = 0 — L = 50 — L = 50 — E = 0 — N = 0: = 100 <br> G = 0 — O = 0 — U = 5 — L = 50 — D = 500: = 555 (Latin V is U as in DIVS JVLIVS CÆSAR ''[[Julius Caesar|Dios Julius Caesar]]'')<br> W = 10 — H = 0 — I = 1 — T = 0 — E = 0: = 11 (Latin W is "double-U" UU - VV = 5+5 = 10)<br> 100 + 555 + 11 = 666 — Ellen=100, Gould=555, White=11.
Many names and titles total 666. The identity of the Beast of Revelation cannot be established or proven with any certainty by [[gematria]] alone. Revelation 13:18 was written in Greek, not Latin, and the numerical value of the Greek letters of the transliterated Latin ''NRWN QSR (NiRoN QaiSaR)'', or Nero Caesar, also totals 666, but the Greek letter equivalent transliteration of VICARIUS FILII DEI does not. This raises the question of which of the more than 200 popes was or is in fact '''''<big>the</big>''''' "man of sin", '''''<big>the</big>''''' "[[antichrist]]" and '''''<big>the</big>''''' "beast of Revelation" whose number is the number of '''''<big>a</big>''''' man (one man)—666.
:“This famous number [666] has been made to yield almost all the historical names of the past eighteen centuries: Titus, Vespasian, and Simon Giroas; Julian the Apostate and Genseric; Mohamet and Luther; Benedict IX and Louis XV; Napoleon I and the Duke of Reichstadt; and it would not be difficult, on the same principles to read in it one another’s names” (Vincent, Word Studies, vol.11, p.531)—[http://www.askelm.com/secrets/sec108.htm Reuss, "The Secret of the Number 666"]
See [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_john/2-18.htm commentaries on 1 John 2:18], [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_thessalonians/2-3.htm 2 Thessalonians 2:3] and [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/13-18.htm Revelation 13:18].
== See also ==
== See also ==