SkipCaptcha
1,279
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation =IC 418 | rightascension =05<sup>h</sup> 27<sup>m</sup> 28.2037<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simb..."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =IC 418
| rightascension =05<sup>h</sup> 27<sup>m</sup> 28.2037<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=IC+418&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id IC 418] from the [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad SIMBAD Astronomical Database]</ref>
| declination =-12° 41′ 50.265″<ref name=simbad/>
| distance =3,590 ly<ref name=arxiv1>Guzmán, L., Loinard, L., Gómez, Y. and Morisset, C. (2009). Expansion Parallax Of The Planetary Nebula IC 418. ''The Astronomical Journal'', 138(1), pp.46-49. [https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.0021 arXiv:0905.0021]</ref>
| constellation =Lepus
| type =Planetary nebula
| dimensions =14" × 10"<ref name=arxiv1/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +13.0<ref name=simbad/>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =62.0±0.9 km/s<ref name=simbad/>
| propmotion =RA: -1.20 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><br/>Dec.: 2.50 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/>
| parallax =
}}
The '''Spirograph nebula''' is a [[planetary nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Lepus]].<ref name=esa>[http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Extreme_space/Spirograph_Nebula_IC_418 Spirograph nebula (IC 418)] from esa.int</ref> Its name derives from its intricate patterns which lend it a resemblence to those produced by the geometrical drawing tool of the same name.<ref name=apod>[https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170611.html IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula] from apod.nasa.gov</ref> These patterns are poorly understood.
==Properties and Structure==
The nebula's distance from [[Earth]] is, like most [[planetary nebula]]e, rather uncertain. Many estimates are at 2,000 [[light year]]s with newer estimates suggesting a greater distance closer to 3,600 light years.<ref name=esa/><ref name=arxiv1/> This means the nebula's apparent size of 14×10 arcseconds corresponds to a physical diameter of 0.2-0.3 light years.<ref name=apod/> The nebula is receding from Earth at 62.0±0.9 km/s.<ref name=simbad/> the nebula is also expanding, albeit slowly compared to other planetary nebulae at around 12 km/s<ref name=annesastronomy>[http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/nebulae-clouds/ic-418-the-outer-envelope-has-begun-expanding-outward-leaving-a-hot-remnant-core-destined-to-become-a-white-dwarf-star/ The Spirograph Nebula, a bright planetary nebula in Lepus] from annesastronomynews.com</ref> The nebula has been discovered to possess a shell-like structure, with three rings and two larger and detached haloes.<ref>Ramos-Larios, G., Vázquez, R., Guerrero, M., Olguín, L., Marquez-Lugo, R. and Bravo-Alfaro, H. (2012). Discovery of multiple shells around the planetary nebula IC 418. ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'', 423(4), pp.3753-3760. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.5816 arXiv:1204.5816]</ref> These are very nearly concentric (slightly off centre) and have been observed in similar nebulae.
A [[white dwarf]] [[star]] is situated in the centre of the nebula and has a temperature of 35,000 kelvin.<ref name=annesastronomy/> The star is an irregular [[variable star]], meaning its [[luminosity]] varies in an unpredictable fashion over time.<ref name=esa/> These changes that can occur over several hours and strong [[stellar wind]]s generated by these changes may be the cause for the intricate filament like structure seen in the nebula. Interestingly, the star is cool compared to most white dwarfs meaning the [[gas]], mainly [[helium]], is 75% [[ionization|ionized]].<ref name=annesastronomy/> [[Helium|Helium-3]] [[ion]]s have also been detected in the nebula.<ref>Guzman-Ramirez, L., Rizzo, J., Zijlstra, A., García-Miró, C., Morisset, C. and Gray, M. (2016). First detection of <sup>3</sup>He<sup>+</sup>in the planetary nebula IC 418. ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters'', 460(1), pp.L35-L39. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.02679 arXiv:1604.02679]</ref> The nebula has a low [[metallicity]] (low amount of [[element]]s heavier than helium) but does have a surprisingly high amount of [[carbon]].<ref>Hyung, S., Aller, L. and Feibelman, W. (1994). The spectrum of the planetary nebula IC 418. ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', 106, p.745. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PASP..106..745H Online]</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]
| image =
| designation =IC 418
| rightascension =05<sup>h</sup> 27<sup>m</sup> 28.2037<sup>s</sup><ref name=simbad>[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=IC+418&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id IC 418] from the [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad SIMBAD Astronomical Database]</ref>
| declination =-12° 41′ 50.265″<ref name=simbad/>
| distance =3,590 ly<ref name=arxiv1>Guzmán, L., Loinard, L., Gómez, Y. and Morisset, C. (2009). Expansion Parallax Of The Planetary Nebula IC 418. ''The Astronomical Journal'', 138(1), pp.46-49. [https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.0021 arXiv:0905.0021]</ref>
| constellation =Lepus
| type =Planetary nebula
| dimensions =14" × 10"<ref name=arxiv1/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +13.0<ref name=simbad/>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =62.0±0.9 km/s<ref name=simbad/>
| propmotion =RA: -1.20 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><br/>Dec.: 2.50 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/>
| parallax =
}}
The '''Spirograph nebula''' is a [[planetary nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Lepus]].<ref name=esa>[http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Extreme_space/Spirograph_Nebula_IC_418 Spirograph nebula (IC 418)] from esa.int</ref> Its name derives from its intricate patterns which lend it a resemblence to those produced by the geometrical drawing tool of the same name.<ref name=apod>[https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170611.html IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula] from apod.nasa.gov</ref> These patterns are poorly understood.
==Properties and Structure==
The nebula's distance from [[Earth]] is, like most [[planetary nebula]]e, rather uncertain. Many estimates are at 2,000 [[light year]]s with newer estimates suggesting a greater distance closer to 3,600 light years.<ref name=esa/><ref name=arxiv1/> This means the nebula's apparent size of 14×10 arcseconds corresponds to a physical diameter of 0.2-0.3 light years.<ref name=apod/> The nebula is receding from Earth at 62.0±0.9 km/s.<ref name=simbad/> the nebula is also expanding, albeit slowly compared to other planetary nebulae at around 12 km/s<ref name=annesastronomy>[http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/nebulae-clouds/ic-418-the-outer-envelope-has-begun-expanding-outward-leaving-a-hot-remnant-core-destined-to-become-a-white-dwarf-star/ The Spirograph Nebula, a bright planetary nebula in Lepus] from annesastronomynews.com</ref> The nebula has been discovered to possess a shell-like structure, with three rings and two larger and detached haloes.<ref>Ramos-Larios, G., Vázquez, R., Guerrero, M., Olguín, L., Marquez-Lugo, R. and Bravo-Alfaro, H. (2012). Discovery of multiple shells around the planetary nebula IC 418. ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'', 423(4), pp.3753-3760. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.5816 arXiv:1204.5816]</ref> These are very nearly concentric (slightly off centre) and have been observed in similar nebulae.
A [[white dwarf]] [[star]] is situated in the centre of the nebula and has a temperature of 35,000 kelvin.<ref name=annesastronomy/> The star is an irregular [[variable star]], meaning its [[luminosity]] varies in an unpredictable fashion over time.<ref name=esa/> These changes that can occur over several hours and strong [[stellar wind]]s generated by these changes may be the cause for the intricate filament like structure seen in the nebula. Interestingly, the star is cool compared to most white dwarfs meaning the [[gas]], mainly [[helium]], is 75% [[ionization|ionized]].<ref name=annesastronomy/> [[Helium|Helium-3]] [[ion]]s have also been detected in the nebula.<ref>Guzman-Ramirez, L., Rizzo, J., Zijlstra, A., García-Miró, C., Morisset, C. and Gray, M. (2016). First detection of <sup>3</sup>He<sup>+</sup>in the planetary nebula IC 418. ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters'', 460(1), pp.L35-L39. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.02679 arXiv:1604.02679]</ref> The nebula has a low [[metallicity]] (low amount of [[element]]s heavier than helium) but does have a surprisingly high amount of [[carbon]].<ref>Hyung, S., Aller, L. and Feibelman, W. (1994). The spectrum of the planetary nebula IC 418. ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', 106, p.745. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PASP..106..745H Online]</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]