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==Spree killers and mass killings==

==Spree killers and mass killings==

The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] defines "mass killings as "three or more killings in a single incident".<ref name="natrev">[https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/fbi-active-shooter-data-shows-importance-of-armed-citizens/ New FBI Data on Active Shooters Shows the Importance of Armed Citizens], ''National Review'' May 25, 2018</ref>  A spree killer is someone who kills two or more victims in a short time, in multiple locations.<ref name="wikipedia">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spree_killer (definition in Wikipedia)]</ref>

The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] defines "mass killings as "three or more killings in a single incident".<ref name="natrev">[https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/fbi-active-shooter-data-shows-importance-of-armed-citizens/ New FBI Data on Active Shooters Shows the Importance of Armed Citizens], ''National Review'' May 25, 2018</ref>  A spree killer is someone who kills two or more victims in a short time, in multiple locations.<ref name="wikipedia">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spree_killer (definition in Wikipedia)]</ref>

==Incidents in which an armed citizen stopped an active shooter==

==Incidents in which an armed citizen stopped an active shooter==

The following lists incidents of armed citizens stopping a shooter.  Some gun control advocates describe these as "a lucky break";<ref name="volokh_analysis">[https://reason.com/volokh/2018/05/14/civilians-with-guns-intervening-in-activ ''The Volokh Conspiracy'' articls] reason.com/volokh/2018/05/14/civilians-with-guns-intervening-in-activ, describing claims of "a lucky break"</ref> however, it stretches credibility that such an armed confrontation would be pre-planned.

The following lists incidents of armed citizens stopping a shooter.  Some gun control advocates describe these as "a lucky break";<ref name="volokh_analysis">[https://reason.com/volokh/2018/05/14/civilians-with-guns-intervening-in-activ ''The Volokh Conspiracy'' articls] reason.com/volokh/2018/05/14/civilians-with-guns-intervening-in-activ, describing claims of "a lucky break"</ref> however, it stretches credibility that such an armed confrontation would be pre-planned.

According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], in 2016-17, In 10 incidents, citizens confronted the shooter. In eight of those incidents, one or more citizens safely and successfully acted to end the shooting.<ref name="fbi_report" />

According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], in 2016-17, In 10 incidents, citizens confronted the shooter. In eight of those incidents, one or more citizens safely and successfully acted to end the shooting.<ref name="fbi_report" />

=====The following is a partial list describing citizens engaging active shooters:=====

====The following is a partial list describing citizens engaging active shooters:====

* Oklahoma City, OK, May 24, 2018 - Two armed men, Carlos Nazario and Bryan Wittle (who did not know each other), gunned down a shooter Thursday at in Louie's Grill & Bar, Oklahoma City, killing Alexander C. Tilghman, an attacker who had struck three people inside the restaurant from a position outside the front door of the restaurant.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/24/us/oklahoma-city-shooting/index.html Armed bystanders kill shooter at Oklahoma City restaurant], ''CNN'' May 25, 2018</ref>

* Oklahoma City, OK, May 24, 2018 - Two armed men, Carlos Nazario and Bryan Wittle (who did not know each other), gunned down a shooter Thursday at in Louie's Grill & Bar, Oklahoma City, killing Alexander C. Tilghman, an attacker who had struck three people inside the restaurant from a position outside the front door of the restaurant.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/24/us/oklahoma-city-shooting/index.html Armed bystanders kill shooter at Oklahoma City restaurant], ''CNN'' May 25, 2018</ref>

* Clearlake Oaks, CA, October 23, 2017 - Alan Ashmore, armed with a shotgun and a handgun, allegedly began firing into several homes and a vehicle in Clearlake Oaks, California, killing two people, including his father, and wounding one. Another person was wounded while fleeing out of a residence window. The shooter then shot and wounded a responding law enforcement officer before fleeing in his vehicle. The shooter drove to a nearby gas station and exchanged gunfire with the attendant, who possessed a CDW permit. The shooter fled the scene in his vehicle and drove to another gas station where he fired more shots. The shooter then drove to a nearby winery and shot at some employees before surrendering to law enforcement officers after a short vehicle pursuit. The entire incident lasted about 30 minutes. Two people were killed; three were wounded (including one law enforcement officer and one person who sustained injuries incidental to the incident). The shooter was apprehended by law enforcement.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/US/motive-mystery-deadly-california-shooting-spree-killed/story?id=50678695 abcnews.go.com, October 24, 2017]</ref> ''Note: The citizen involvement appears to be limited to the gas station.  The shooter was thwarted at the station, but not stopped there.''

* Clearlake Oaks, CA, October 23, 2017 - Alan Ashmore, armed with a shotgun and a handgun, allegedly began firing into several homes and a vehicle in Clearlake Oaks, California, killing two people, including his father, and wounding one. Another person was wounded while fleeing out of a residence window. The shooter then shot and wounded a responding law enforcement officer before fleeing in his vehicle. The shooter drove to a nearby gas station and exchanged gunfire with the attendant, who possessed a CDW permit. The shooter fled the scene in his vehicle and drove to another gas station where he fired more shots. The shooter then drove to a nearby winery and shot at some employees before surrendering to law enforcement officers after a short vehicle pursuit. The entire incident lasted about 30 minutes. Two people were killed; three were wounded (including one law enforcement officer and one person who sustained injuries incidental to the incident). The shooter was apprehended by law enforcement.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/US/motive-mystery-deadly-california-shooting-spree-killed/story?id=50678695 abcnews.go.com, October 24, 2017]</ref> ''Note: The citizen involvement appears to be limited to the gas station.  The shooter was thwarted at the station, but not stopped there.''

* Antioch, TN, September 24, 2017 - Emanuel Kidega Samson, armed with two handguns, allegedly began shooting in the parking lot of the Burnette Chapel Church of Christ in Antioch. After killing one person, the shooter entered the church and shot six people. A church usher who attempted to subdue the shooter was pistol-whipped. During the altercation, the shooter accidently shot himself. While the shooter was preoccupied, the citizen, who possessed a valid firearms permit, retrieved a handgun from his car and held the shooter at gunpoint until law enforcement arrived. One person was killed; seven were wounded.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nashville-church-shooting-robert-caleb-engle-emanuel-samson/ Nashville church usher praised for confronting accused gunman in deadly shooting], ''CBS News'', September 25, 2017</ref>

* Antioch, TN, September 24, 2017 - Emanuel Kidega Samson, armed with two handguns, allegedly began shooting in the parking lot of the Burnette Chapel Church of Christ in Antioch. After killing one person, the shooter entered the church and shot six people. A church usher who attempted to subdue the shooter was pistol-whipped. During the altercation, the shooter accidentally shot himself. While the shooter was preoccupied, the citizen, who possessed a valid firearms permit, retrieved a handgun from his car and held the shooter at gunpoint until law enforcement arrived. One person was killed; seven were wounded.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nashville-church-shooting-robert-caleb-engle-emanuel-samson/ Nashville church usher praised for confronting accused gunman in deadly shooting], ''CBS News'', September 25, 2017</ref>

* Burnette Chapel Church of Christ - On September 24, 2017, at 11:15 a.m., Emanuel Kidega Samson, 25, armed with two handguns, allegedly began shooting in the parking lot of the Burnette Chapel Church of Christ in Antioch, Tennessee.  After killing one person, the shooter entered the church and shot six people. A citizen who attempted to subdue the shooter was pistol-whipped. During the altercation, the shooter accidently shot himself. While the shooter was preoccupied, the citizen, who possessed a valid firearms permit, retrieved a handgun from his car and held the shooter at gunpoint until law enforcement arrived. One person was killed; seven were wounded. The shooter was apprehended by law enforcement.<ref name="fbi_report" />

* Burnette Chapel Church of Christ - On September 24, 2017, at 11:15 a.m., Emanuel Kidega Samson, 25, armed with two handguns, allegedly began shooting in the parking lot of the Burnette Chapel Church of Christ in Antioch, Tennessee.  After killing one person, the shooter entered the church and shot six people. A citizen who attempted to subdue the shooter was pistol-whipped. During the altercation, the shooter accidently shot himself. While the shooter was preoccupied, the citizen, who possessed a valid firearms permit, retrieved a handgun from his car and held the shooter at gunpoint until law enforcement arrived. One person was killed; seven were wounded. The shooter was apprehended by law enforcement.<ref name="fbi_report" />