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|chancellor =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Matteo Renzi
|pm =Giuseppe Conte
|pm-raw =
|pm-raw =
|area =116,340 sq mi
|area =116,340 sq mi
=== Italian unification ===
=== Italian unification ===
[[File:Proclamazione della Repubblica sassarese - Giuseppe Sciuti, 1880.png|thumb|center|450px|Proclamazione della Repubblica Sassarese - Giuseppe Sciuti, 1880.]]
In the 1830s, [[Giuseppe Mazzini]], a brilliant liberal nationalist, organized the Risorgimento (Resurrection), which laid the foundation for Italian unity. Disappointed Italian patriots looked to the House of Savoy for leadership. Count Camille di Cavour (1810–1861), prime minister of Sardinia in 1852 and the architect of a united Italy, joined England and France in the Crimean War (1853–1856), and in 1859 helped France in a war against Austria, thereby obtaining Lombardy. By plebiscite in 1860, Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and the Romagna voted to join Sardinia. In 1860, [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] conquered Sicily and Naples and turned them over to Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel II, king of Sardinia, was proclaimed king of Italy in 1861. The annexation of Venetia in 1866 and of papal Rome in 1870 marked the complete unification of peninsular Italy into one nation under a constitutional monarchy.
In the 1830s, [[Giuseppe Mazzini]], a brilliant liberal nationalist, organized the Risorgimento (Resurrection), which laid the foundation for Italian unity. Disappointed Italian patriots looked to the House of Savoy for leadership. Count Camille di Cavour (1810–1861), prime minister of Sardinia in 1852 and the architect of a united Italy, joined England and France in the Crimean War (1853–1856), and in 1859 helped France in a war against Austria, thereby obtaining Lombardy. By plebiscite in 1860, Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and the Romagna voted to join Sardinia. In 1860, [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] conquered Sicily and Naples and turned them over to Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel II, king of Sardinia, was proclaimed king of Italy in 1861. The annexation of Venetia in 1866 and of papal Rome in 1870 marked the complete unification of peninsular Italy into one nation under a constitutional monarchy.
=== Fascism and World Wars ===
=== Fascism and World Wars ===
In 2010, Gianfranco Fini's conservative party Future and Freedom emerged from a split from Berlusconi's People of Liberty party.
In 2010, Gianfranco Fini's conservative party Future and Freedom emerged from a split from Berlusconi's People of Liberty party.
===Rise of conservative populism===
After the 2018 Italian elections, which saw populist and anti-establishment parties receive over 50% of the vote, the [[Five Star Movement]] and [[Lega Nord]], the latter led by [[Matteo Salvini]], formed a governing coalition.
==Government==
==Government==
===Principal Government Officials===
===Principal Government Officials===
*President: Sergio Mattarella
*President: Sergio Mattarella
*Prime Minister: Paolo Gentilioni
*Prime Minister: Giuseppe Conte
*Foreign Minister: Angelino Alfano
*Foreign Minister: Enzo Moavero Milanesi
*Minister of Defense: Roberta Pinotti
*Minister of Defense: Elisabetta Trenta
*Minister of Finance: Pier Carlo Padoan
*Minister of Finance: Giovanni Tria
*Minister of Justice: Andrea Orlando
*Minister of Justice: Alfonso Bonafede
*Minister of the Interior: Marco Minniti
*Minister of the Interior: [[Matteo Salvini]]
===Foreign Relations===
===Foreign Relations===