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→Space repetition
===Retrieval===
===Retrieval===
In the final phase of memory, retrieval, the individual re-accesses the information from the previous stages. The accuracy of our memories is due in part to how we pay [[attention]].(Grison & Gazzaniga, pg. 234)<ref name="piyl"></ref>
In the final phase of memory, retrieval, the individual re-accesses the information from the previous stages. The accuracy of our memories is due in part to how we pay [[attention]].(Grison & Gazzaniga, pg. 234)<ref name="piyl"></ref>
== Space repetition ==
''See also:'' [[Spaced repetition]]
[[Spaced repetition]] is a "learning technique that involves reviewing material at increasing intervals of time to improve long-term memory. Instead of cramming, you review information right before you're likely to forget it, and each review session strengthens your memory of the material. This method is effective for a wide range of subjects and can be implemented with tools like flashcards and quizzes."<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=spaced+repetition&oq=spaced+re&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCggAEAAYsQMYgAQyCggAEAAYsQMYgAQyBggBEEUYOTIHCAIQABiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIGCAYQRRg9MgYIBxAuGEDSAQgzNTMzajBqMagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 Spaced repetition]</ref>
== Mnemonic devices ==
''See also:'' [[Mnemonic]]
[[File:Cerebellum.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.<ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Human Body: God's Masterpiece]</ref><ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Enigmatic Human Brain] by Wallace G. Smith</ref><ref>[http://www.creationmoments.com/radio/transcripts/most-complex-structure The Most Complex Structure], Creation Moments</ref>]]
A [[mnemonic]] device (memory device), is any learning technique that assists someone's [[memory]].
=== Mnemonic device training and brain changes ===
Articles:
*[http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(17)30087-9 Mnemonic Training Reshapes Brain Networks to Support Superior Memory], ''Neuron'', VOLUME 93, ISSUE 5, P1227-1235.E6, MARCH 08, 2017
*[https://npjscilearncommunity.nature.com/users/34795-shelly-xuelai-fan/posts/16047-learning-a-mnemonic-gives-you-a-memory-boost-and-triggers-lasting-changes-in-the-brain Learning mnemonics boosts memory and triggers lasting changes in the brain], Nature.com
Findings:
*The top participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate the ability to memorize hundreds of words, digits, or other abstract information units within minutes.
*Of the 23 athletes, 17 participated in a word learning task under fMRI conditions where they demonstrated their superior memory abilities compared to controls (70.8 ± 0.6 versus 39.9 ± 3.6 of 72 words correctly recalled 20 min after encoding; median, 72 versus 41; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.001, r = 0.62).
*Brain changes: "Memory skills strongly differ across the general population; however, little is known about the brain characteristics supporting superior memory performance. Here we assess functional brain network organization of 23 of the world’s most successful memory athletes and matched controls with fMRI during both task-free resting state baseline and active memory encoding. We demonstrate that, in a group of naive controls, functional connectivity changes induced by 6 weeks of mnemonic training were correlated with the network organization that distinguishes athletes from controls."
*True to their name, the memory champions missed only two words on average when recalling the list 20 minutes later, whereas their controls missed nearly half.
== Journal articles ==
*[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3789138/#:~:text=This%20study%20further%20demonstrated%20the,updating%20of%20schemas%20during%20consolidation. ''Interplay of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in memory''], Current Biology. 2013 Sep 9;23(17):R764–R773. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.041
== See also ==
*[[Chess mastery and memory improvement]]
== External links ==
*[https://artofmemory.com Art of memory], Website devoted to memory improvement
==References==
<references>
[[Category:Psychology]]
==References==
==References==
<references>
<references>
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Psychology]]