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==Syncretism in the historical literature==

==Syncretism in the historical literature==

In his book ''Itinerarium'' (Travel diary from 1708 — 1709) written in [[Latin]], [[Lutheran]] [[theologian]] Daniel Krman described the Lutheran seminary in Königsberg as being infiltrated by theologians siding with syncretism.  He pointed out that if doctors of theology would honor values expressed by Latin phrase ''Diligite veritatem et pacem'' (love truth and peace), there would be not so many syncretists in academia, who were enlisted and criticized also by the chief orthodox opponent of syncretism<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Orthodoxy Under Fire: An Exploratory Study Of The Syncretistic Controversy And The Consensus Repetitus Fidei Vere Lutheranae  

In his book ''Itinerarium'' (Travel diary from 1708 — 1709) written in [[Latin]], [[Lutheran]] [[theologian]] Daniel Krman described the Lutheran seminary in Königsberg as being infiltrated by theologians siding with syncretism.  He pointed out that if doctors of theology would honor values expressed by the Latin phrase ''Diligite veritatem et pacem'' (love truth and peace), there would be not so many syncretists in academia, who were enlisted and criticized also by the chief orthodox opponent of syncretism<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Orthodoxy Under Fire: An Exploratory Study Of The Syncretistic Controversy And The Consensus Repetitus Fidei Vere Lutheranae  

|author=Timothy R. Schmeling  

|author=Timothy R. Schmeling  

|url=http://www.blts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/TRS-Consensus-Repetitus.pdf

|url=http://www.blts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/TRS-Consensus-Repetitus.pdf

|quote=It is fairly safe to assume that Abraham Calov(ius) (1612-1686), the Consensus Repetitus Fidei Vere Lutheranae (hereafter CRFVL), and Georg Calixt(us) (1586-1656) are not household vocabulary in much of contemporary Lutheranism. Yet, all played a prominent and important role in the 17th century syncretist controversy. History has hardly been kind to Abraham Calov, the chief orthodox opponent of syncretism.  

|quote=It is fairly safe to assume that Abraham Calov(ius) (1612-1686), the Consensus Repetitus Fidei Vere Lutheranae (hereafter CRFVL), and Georg Calixt(us) (1586-1656) are not household vocabulary in much of contemporary Lutheranism. Yet, all played a prominent and important role in the 17th century syncretist controversy. History has hardly been kind to Abraham Calov, the chief orthodox opponent of syncretism.  

|accessdate=11 June 2016

|accessdate=11 June 2016

}}</ref> and doctor of theology Abraham Calovius in his work ''Examen theologiae novaturientium''. According to Krman, syncretists attack faith in [[Virgin Birth]] of [[Christ]] and [[Creation]] of the world ''ex Nihilo'' that are beyond human comprehension, thus, in more general terms, syncretism makes an effort to replace [[God]]'s wisdom [[revelation|revealed]] in the [[Bible]] with human rationalizations.<ref>{{cite book

}}</ref> and doctor of theology Abraham Calovius in his work ''Examen theologiae novaturientium''. According to Krman, syncretists attack faith in the [[Virgin Birth]] of [[Christ]] and the [[Creation]] of the world ''ex Nihilo'' that are beyond human comprehension, thus, in more general terms, syncretism makes an effort to replace [[God]]'s wisdom [[revelation|revealed]] in the [[Bible]] with human rationalizations.<ref>{{cite book

|title=Itinerarium

|title=Itinerarium

|author=Daniel Krman

|author=Daniel Krman

|url=http://zlatyfond.sme.sk/dielo/1249/Krman_Itinerarium-Cestovny-dennik-z-rokov-1708-1709/1#ixzz4BHaMh88S

|url=http://zlatyfond.sme.sk/dielo/1249/Krman_Itinerarium-Cestovny-dennik-z-rokov-1708-1709/1#ixzz4BHaMh88S

|language=Latin (original), Slovak (translation)

|language=Latin (original), Slovak (translation)

}}</ref> Many years later G.K. Chesterton maintained that these human “rational” solutions are less satisfying than the riddles of [[God]].{{#tag:ref| See notes and references in: [[Singularity]]|group=note}}  Still, it is perhaps not a wonder that the syncretistic atmosphere in academic institutions of Königsberg formed the worldview of [[Immanuel Kant]], a forerunner of [[evolutionism]]{{#tag:ref| cf. [[Immanuel Kant#Philosopher of Protestantism vs. of Evolutionary thought|Philosopher of Evolutionary thought]]|group=note}} with Protestant roots, who was born in this town and who in 1740, aged 16, enrolled at the University of Königsberg, where he spent his whole career and where he, on March 31, 1770, aged 45, was appointed Full Professor of [[Logic]] and Metaphysics.<ref>{{cite book  

}}</ref> Many years later G.K. Chesterton maintained that these human “rational” solutions are less satisfying than the riddles of [[God]].{{#tag:ref| See notes and references in: [[Singularity]]|group=note}}  Still, it is perhaps not a wonder that the syncretistic atmosphere in the academic institutions of Königsberg formed the worldview of [[Immanuel Kant]], a forerunner of [[evolutionism]]{{#tag:ref| cf. [[Immanuel Kant#Philosopher of Protestantism vs. of Evolutionary thought|Philosopher of Evolutionary thought]]|group=note}} with Protestant roots, who was born in this town and who in 1740, aged 16, enrolled at the University of Königsberg, where he spent his whole career and where he, on March 31, 1770, aged 45, was appointed Full Professor of [[Logic]] and Metaphysics.<ref>{{cite book  

|title=Кант и старый Кёнигсберг (Kant and old Königsberg)

|title=Кант и старый Кёнигсберг (Kant and old Königsberg)

|author=Карль

|author=Карль

|quote=Кант...отклонил все приглашения в другие университы...крепко держался он за своих кенигсбержцев...

|quote=Кант...отклонил все приглашения в другие университы...крепко держался он за своих кенигсбержцев...

|language=German (original), Russian (translation)

|language=German (original), Russian (translation)

}}</ref> Among Kant's syncretistic works are ''The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God'' (German: ''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'') where he attacks [[ontological argument]] for God and the argument from [[intelligent design|design]]. In his neognostic assimilation of Biblical message he argues that matter itself contains the principles which give rise to an ordered universe hence for him the God as Creator is reduced only to an idea.{{#tag:ref|cf. [[Docetism]]|group=note}} The empiricist [[Alfred Nobel]] found Kant's ''[[metaphysics]]'' hard to digest and ironically concluded that "Kant's style is so heavy that after his ''pure reason'' the reader longs for ''unreasonableness''."<ref>{{cite web

}}</ref> Among Kant's syncretistic works are ''The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God'' (German: ''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'') where he attacks the [[ontological argument]] for God and the argument from [[intelligent design|design]]. In his neognostic assimilation of the Biblical message he argues that matter itself contains the principles which give rise to an ordered universe, hence for him God as Creator is reduced only to an idea.{{#tag:ref|cf. [[Docetism]]|group=note}} The empiricist [[Alfred Nobel]] found Kant's ''[[metaphysics]]'' hard to digest and ironically concluded that "Kant's style is so heavy that after his ''pure reason'' the reader longs for ''unreasonableness''."<ref>{{cite web

|author=Åke Erlandsson

|author=Åke Erlandsson

|title=Alfred Nobel and his interest in literature

|title=Alfred Nobel and his interest in literature

|access date=08.03.2012

|access date=08.03.2012

|quote=However, like the empiricist he was, he found Kant's metaphysics harder to digest: "Kant's style is so heavy that after his pure reason the reader longs for unreasonableness."

|quote=However, like the empiricist he was, he found Kant's metaphysics harder to digest: "Kant's style is so heavy that after his pure reason the reader longs for unreasonableness."

}}</ref>  

}}</ref>

==Historical examples of syncretism==

==Historical examples of syncretism==