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'''Antonin "Nino" Scalia''' (March 11, 1936 – February 13, 2016) joined the U.S. [[Supreme Court]] as an Associate Justice in 1986 and quickly became its most outspoken [[conservative]] jurist. He filled a vacancy created by the retirement of Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]] and nomination of Associate Justice [[William Rehnquist]] to become Chief Justice. President [[Ronald Reagan]] nominated Scalia at the same time that he nominated Rehnquist for Chief Justice, and most opposition in the [[United States Senate|Senate]] focused all their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by unanimous vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.  Scalia's unexpected vacancy then sparked national opposition to [[Obama]] filling it.

'''Antonin "Nino" Scalia''' (March 11, 1936 – February 13, 2016) joined the U.S. [[Supreme Court]] as an Associate Justice in 1986 and quickly became its most outspoken [[conservative]] jurist. He filled a vacancy created by the retirement of Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]] and nomination of Associate Justice [[William Rehnquist]] to become Chief Justice. President [[Ronald Reagan]] nominated Scalia at the same time that he nominated Rehnquist for Chief Justice, and most opposition in the [[United States Senate|Senate]] focused all their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by unanimous vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.  Scalia's unexpected vacancy then sparked national opposition to [[Obama]] filling it.

Justice Scalia was more outspoken off the court than on it, where he was typically silent in the denial of conservative petitions for certiorari,<ref>Justice Scalia wrote dissents from denials of cert only about three times in a decade, a rate of less than 1 in 20,000 cert denials.</ref> and he often joined liberal colleagues in opinions.<ref>Scalia's off-the-court commentary has caused problems for himself, as when ''pro se'' litigant Dr. Michael Newdow successfully filed a motion that led to Justice Scalia recusing himself from Newdow's challenge to the Pledge of Allegiance to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest. [supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/02-1624/03-7.recuse.pdf]</ref>  Scalia once quipped about himself to the media, "Ah yes, esteemed jurist by day, man about town by night."<ref>http://www.oyez.org/justices/antonin_scalia/</ref>  Scalia's written dissents were sometimes scathing, as in ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]'', in ridicule of the Court opinion written by the less [[conservative]] Republican-appointed Justice [[Anthony Kennedy]].

Justice Scalia was more outspoken off the court than on it, where he was typically silent in the denial of conservative petitions for certiorari,<ref>Justice Scalia wrote dissents from denials of cert only about three times in a decade, a rate of less than 1 in 20,000 cert denials.</ref> and he often joined liberal colleagues in opinions.<ref>Scalia's off-the-court commentary has caused problems for himself, as when ''pro se'' litigant Dr. Michael Newdow successfully filed a motion that led to Justice Scalia recusing himself from Newdow's challenge to the Pledge of Allegiance to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest. [supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/02-1624/03-7.recuse.pdf]</ref>  Scalia once quipped about himself to the media, "Ah yes, esteemed jurist by day, man about town by night."<ref>https://www.oyez.org/justices/antonin_scalia/</ref>  Scalia's written dissents were sometimes scathing, as in ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]'', in ridicule of the Court opinion written by the less [[conservative]] Republican-appointed Justice [[Anthony Kennedy]].

Justice Scalia was the author of the 7–2 decision in 2011 declaring the sale of "extremely violent" [[video games]] to children to be protected by under the [[First Amendment]], which no law can limit (though the two other conservative justices who joined him partially dissented).  He was more likely than Justices Alito or Thomas to join [[liberal]] Justices in a non-[[conservative]] ruling, and vice-versa.

Justice Scalia was the author of the 7–2 decision in 2011 declaring the sale of "extremely violent" [[video games]] to children to be protected by under the [[First Amendment]], which no law can limit (though the two other conservative justices who joined him partially dissented).  He was more likely than Justices Alito or Thomas to join [[liberal]] Justices in a non-[[conservative]] ruling, and vice-versa.

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

* Biskupic, Joan. ''American Original: The Life and Constitution of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia'' (2009) [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/books/review/Rosen-t.html?nl=books&emc=booksupdateema3 online review]

* Biskupic, Joan. ''American Original: The Life and Constitution of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia'' (2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/books/review/Rosen-t.html?nl=books&emc=booksupdateema3 online review]

* Brisbin, Jr., Richard A. ''Justice Antonin Scalia and the Conservative Revival'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Justice-Antonin-Scalia-Conservative-Revival/dp/0801860946/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1262671822&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]

* Brisbin, Jr., Richard A. ''Justice Antonin Scalia and the Conservative Revival'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Justice-Antonin-Scalia-Conservative-Revival/dp/0801860946/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1262671822&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]

* Rossum, Ralph A. ''Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text And Tradition'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Antonin-Scalias-Jurisprudence-Text-Tradition/dp/0700614478/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1262671822&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]

* Rossum, Ralph A. ''Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text And Tradition'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Antonin-Scalias-Jurisprudence-Text-Tradition/dp/0700614478/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1262671822&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]