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== Types of calendars ==
== Types of calendars ==
=== Observed versus calculated ===
=== Observed versus calculated ===
A calendar can be either ''observed'' or ''calculated''. An observed calendar relies on regular adjustment by some designated [[human]] authority that receives reports of astronomical and/or seasonal observations. The briefly-used [[French Republican Calendar]] was an observed calendar, in that the officials in charge of weights and measures declared leap years when necessary to begin the calendar, without fail, on the autumnal [[equinox]] as observed in Paris. The ancient Hebrews, in Biblical days, also used an observed calendar prior to their Captivity.<ref name=newton>[[Isaac Newton|Newton, Sir Isaac]]. ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15784/15784-h/15784-h.htm The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended].'' Reproduced by Project Gutenberg. Accessed April 3, 2008.</ref>
A calendar can be either ''observed'' or ''calculated''. An observed calendar relies on regular adjustment by some designated [[human]] authority that receives reports of astronomical and/or seasonal observations. The briefly-used [[French Republican Calendar]] was an observed calendar, in that the officials in charge of weights and measures declared leap years when necessary to begin the calendar, without fail, on the autumnal [[equinox]] as observed in Paris. The ancient Hebrews, in Biblical days, also used an observed calendar prior to their Captivity.<ref name=newton>[[Isaac Newton|Newton, Sir Isaac]]. ''[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/15784/15784-h/15784-h.htm The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended].'' Reproduced by Project Gutenberg. Accessed April 3, 2008.</ref>
A calculated calendar adjusts itself strictly according to a mathematical formula. The [[Julian Calendar]], [[Gregorian Calendar]], and modern [[Hebrew Calendar]] are calculated calendars.
A calculated calendar adjusts itself strictly according to a mathematical formula. The [[Julian Calendar]], [[Gregorian Calendar]], and modern [[Hebrew Calendar]] are calculated calendars.