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Najemi (1996) examines Hans Baron's ambivalent portrayal of Machiavelli. He argues that Baron tended to see Machiavelli simultaneously as the cynical debunker and the faithful heir of civic humanism. By the mid-1950s, Baron had come to consider civic humanism and Florentine republicanism as early chapters of a much longer history of European political liberty, a story in which Machiavelli and his generation played a crucial role. This conclusion led Baron to modify his earlier negative view of Machiavelli. He tried to bring the Florentine theorist under the umbrella of civic humanism by underscoring the radical differences between ''The Prince'' (which seems to recommend the Prince should doing evil) and the ''Discourses'' (which recommends the citizens should do good)  and thus revealing the fundamentally republican character of the ''Discourses''. However, Baron's inability to come to terms with Machiavelli's harsh criticism of early 15th century commentators such as Leonardo Bruni ultimately prevented him from fully reconciling Machiavelli with civic humanism.<ref>John M. Najemy, "Baron's Machiavelli and Renaissance Republicanism." ''American Historical Review'' 1996 101(1): 119-129.</ref>

Najemi (1996) examines Hans Baron's ambivalent portrayal of Machiavelli. He argues that Baron tended to see Machiavelli simultaneously as the cynical debunker and the faithful heir of civic humanism. By the mid-1950s, Baron had come to consider civic humanism and Florentine republicanism as early chapters of a much longer history of European political liberty, a story in which Machiavelli and his generation played a crucial role. This conclusion led Baron to modify his earlier negative view of Machiavelli. He tried to bring the Florentine theorist under the umbrella of civic humanism by underscoring the radical differences between ''The Prince'' (which seems to recommend the Prince should doing evil) and the ''Discourses'' (which recommends the citizens should do good)  and thus revealing the fundamentally republican character of the ''Discourses''. However, Baron's inability to come to terms with Machiavelli's harsh criticism of early 15th century commentators such as Leonardo Bruni ultimately prevented him from fully reconciling Machiavelli with civic humanism.<ref>John M. Najemy, "Baron's Machiavelli and Renaissance Republicanism." ''American Historical Review'' 1996 101(1): 119-129.</ref>

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

*  Baron, Hans. ''The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny'' (2 vol 1955), highly influential, deep study of civic humanism (republicanism); 700 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=PC0oFzJpFBwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:crisis+intitle:early+inauthor:hans+inauthor:baron&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=tw7r_LsDJ0cDz66H4WSylNz3TA0 excerpts and text search]; [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01379 ACLS E-books]; also [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01379 vol 2 in ACLS E-books]

*  Baron, Hans. ''The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny'' (2 vol 1955), highly influential, deep study of civic humanism (republicanism); 700 pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=PC0oFzJpFBwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:crisis+intitle:early+inauthor:hans+inauthor:baron&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&sig=tw7r_LsDJ0cDz66H4WSylNz3TA0 excerpts and text search]; [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01379 ACLS E-books]; also [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01379 vol 2 in ACLS E-books]

* Baron, Hans. ''In Search of Florentine Civic Humanism'' (2 vols. 1988).  

* Baron, Hans. ''In Search of Florentine Civic Humanism'' (2 vols. 1988).  

* Baron Hans, "Machiavelli: The Republican Citizen and the Author of The Prince" in ''The English Historical Review'' 76 (1961), pp.&nbsp;217–53. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/557541 in JSTOR]

* Baron Hans, "Machiavelli: The Republican Citizen and the Author of The Prince" in ''The English Historical Review'' 76 (1961), pp.&nbsp;217–53. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/557541 in JSTOR]